Dysport is indicated for symptomatic treatment of focal spasticity of:

- Upper limbs in adults

- Lower limbs in adults affecting the ankle joint

- Dynamic equinus foot deformity in ambulant paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older

- Upper limbs in paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older.

Dysport is indicated for the management of urinary incontinence in adults with neurogenic detrusor overactivity due to spinal cord injury (traumatic or non-traumatic) or multiple sclerosis, who are regularly performing clean intermittent catheterisation.

Dysport is indicated in adults for symptomatic treatment of:

- Spasmodic torticollis

- Blepharospasm

- Hemifacial spasm

- Severe primary hyperhidrosis of the axillae, which does not respond to topical treatment with antiperspirants or antihidrotics.

The units of Dysport are specific to the preparation and are not interchangeable with other preparations of botulinum toxin.

Dysport should only be administered by an appropriately qualified healthcare practitioner with expertise in the treatment of the relevant indication and the use of the required equipment, in accordance with national guidelines.

For instructions on reconstitution of the powder for solution for injection, handling and disposal of vials please refer to section 6.6.

Focal spasticity in adults

Upper limb:

Posology

Dosing in initial and sequential treatment sessions should be tailored to the individual based on the size, number and location of muscles involved, severity of spasticity, the presence of local muscle weakness, the patient's response to previous treatment, and/or adverse event history with Dysport. In clinical trials, doses of 500 units and 1000 units were divided among selected muscles at a given treatment session as shown below.

No more than 1 ml should generally be administered at any single injection site. The total dose should not exceed 1000 units at a given treatment session.

Although actual location of the injection sites can be determined by palpation, the use of injection guiding technique, e.g. electromyography, electrical stimulation or ultrasound is recommended to target the injection sites.

Clinical improvement may be expected one week after injection and may last up to 20 weeks. Injections may be repeated every 12 - 16 weeks or as required to maintain response, but not more frequently than every 12 weeks. The degree and pattern of muscle spasticity at the time of re-injection may necessitate alterations in the dose of Dysport and muscles to be injected.

Lower limb spasticity affecting the ankle joint:

Posology

In clinical trials, doses of 1000U and 1500U were divided among selected muscles.

The exact dosage in initial and sequential treatment sessions should be tailored to the individual based on the size and number of muscles involved, the severity of the spasticity, also taking into account the presence of local muscle weakness and the patient's response to previous treatment. However, the total dose should not exceed 1500U.

No more than 1 ml should generally be administered at any single injection site.

The degree and pattern of muscle spasticity at the time of re-injection may necessitate alterations in the dose of Dysport and muscles to be injected.

Although actual location of the injection sites can be determined by palpation, the use of injection guiding techniques, e.g. electromyography, electrical stimulation or ultrasound are recommended to help accurately target the injection sites.

Repeat Dysport treatment should be administered every 12 to 16 weeks, or longer as necessary, based on return of clinical symptoms but no sooner than 12 weeks after the previous injection.

Upper and Lower limbs:

If treatment is required in the upper and lower limbs during the same treatment session, the dose of Dysport to be injected in each limb should be tailored to the individual's need according to the relevant posology and without exceeding a total dose of 1500U.

Elderly patients (≥ 65 years): Clinical experience has not identified differences in response between the elderly and younger adult patients. In general, elderly patients should be observed to evaluate their tolerability of Dysport, due to the greater frequency of concomitant disease and other drug therapy.

Method of administration

When treating focal spasticity affecting the upper and lower limbs in adults, Dysport is reconstituted with sodium chloride injection B.P. (0.9 % w/v) to yield a solution containing either 100 units per ml, 200 units per ml or 500 units per ml of Dysport (see section 6.6).

Dysport is administered by intramuscular injection into the muscles as described above.

Focal spasticity in paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older

Dysport maximum total doses per treatment session and minimum times before retreatment

*whichever is lower

Please see below for full posology and method of administration by treatment indication.

Dynamic equinus foot deformity due to focal spasticity in ambulant paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older:

Posology

Dosing in initial and sequential treatment sessions should be tailored to the individual based on the size, number and location of muscles involved, severity of spasticity, the presence of local muscle weakness, the patient's response to previous treatment, and/or adverse event history with botulinum toxins. For treatment initiation, consideration should be given to start with a lower dose.

The maximum total dose of Dysport administered per treatment session must not exceed 15 units/kg for unilateral lower limb injections or 30 units/kg for bilateral injections. In addition, the total Dysport dose per treatment session must not exceed 1000 units or 30 units/kg, whichever is lower. The total dose administered should be divided between the affected spastic muscles of the lower limb(s). When possible, the dose should be distributed across more than 1 injection site in any single muscle.

No more than 0.5 ml of Dysport should be administered in any single injection site. See below table for recommended dosing:

*whichever is lower

Although actual location of the injection sites can be determined by palpation, the use of injection guiding technique, e.g. electromyography, electrical stimulation or ultrasound is recommended to target the injection sites.

Repeat Dysport treatment should be administered when the effect of a previous injection has diminished, but no sooner than 12 weeks after the previous injection. A majority of patients in clinical studies were re-treated between 16 - 22 weeks; however, some patients had a longer duration of response, i.e. 28 weeks. The degree and pattern of muscle spasticity at the time of re-injection may necessitate alterations in the dose of Dysport and muscles to be injected.

Clinical improvement may be expected within two weeks after injection.

Method of administration

When treating lower limb spasticity associated with cerebral palsy in children, Dysport is reconstituted with sodium chloride injection B.P. (0.9 % w/v) (see also section 6.6) and is administered by intramuscular injection as detailed above.

Focal spasticity of upper limbs in paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older:

Posology

Dosing in initial and sequential treatment sessions should be tailored to the individual based on the size, number and location of muscles involved, severity of spasticity, the presence of local muscle weakness, the patient's response to previous treatment, and/or adverse event history with botulinum toxins. For treatment initiation, consideration should be given to start with a lower dose.

The maximum dose of Dysport administered per treatment session for unilateral upper limb injections must not exceed 16 U/kg or 640 U whichever is lower. When injecting bilaterally, the maximum Dysport dose per treatment session must not exceed 21 U/kg or 840 U, whichever is lower.

The total dose administered should be divided between the affected spastic muscles of the upper limb(s). No more than 0.5 ml of Dysport should be administered in any single injection site. See table below for recommended dosing:

Dysport Dosing by Muscle for Paediatric Upper Limb Spasticity

*whichever is lower

Although actual location of the injection sites can be determined by palpation the use of injection guiding technique, e.g. electromyography, electrical stimulation or ultrasound is recommended to target the injection sites.

Repeat Dysport treatment should be administered when the effect of a previous injection has diminished, but no sooner than 16 weeks after the previous injection. A majority of patients in the clinical study were retreated between 16-28 weeks; however, some patients had a longer duration of response, i.e. 34 weeks or more. The degree and pattern of muscle spasticity at the time of re-injection may necessitate alterations in the dose of Dysport and muscles to be injected.

Method of administration

When treating upper limb spasticity associated with cerebral palsy in children, Dysport is reconstituted with sodium chloride injection (0.9% w/v) (see section 6.6) and is administered by intramuscular injection as detailed above.

Focal spasticity of upper and lower limbs in paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older:

Posology

When treating combined upper and lower spasticity in children aged 2 years or older refer to the posology section for the individual indications above. The dose of Dysport to be injected for concomitant treatment should not exceed a total dose per treatment session of 30 U/kg or 1000 U, whichever is lower.

Retreatment of the upper and lower limbs combined should be considered no sooner than a 12 to 16-week window after the previous treatment session. The optimal time to retreatment should be selected based on individuals progress and response to treatment.

Method of administration

When treating combined upper and lower spasticity associated with cerebral palsy in children refer to the method of administration section for the individual indications above.

Urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity:

Posology

The recommended dose is 600 U. In case of insufficient response, such as in patients with a severe disease presentation, a dose of 800 U may be used.

Dysport should be administered to patients who are regularly performing clean intermittent catheterisation.

The total dose administered should be divided across 30 intradetrusor injections evenly distributed throughout the detrusor muscle, avoiding the trigone. Dysport is injected via a flexible or rigid cystoscope and each injection should be to a depth of approximately 2 mm with the delivery of 0.5 mL to each site. For the final injection, approximately 0.5 mL of sterile normal saline should be injected to ensure that the full dose is delivered.

Prophylactic antibiotics should be commenced in line with the local guidelines and protocols or as used in the clinical studies (see Section 5.1). Medications with anticoagulant effects should be stopped at least 3 days prior to Dysport administration and only restarted on the day after administration. If medically indicated, low molecular weight heparins may be administered 24 hours prior to Dysport administration.

Prior to injection, local anaesthesia to the urethra or lubricating gel can be administered to facilitate comfortable cystoscope insertion. If required, either an intravesical instillation of diluted anaesthetic (with or without sedation) or general anaesthesia may also be used.

If a local anaesthetic instillation is performed, the local anaesthetic solution must be drained, then the bladder instilled (rinsed) with saline and drained again before continuing with the intradetrusor injection procedure.

Prior to injection, the bladder should be instilled with enough saline to achieve adequate visualisation for the injections.

After administration of all 30 intradetrusor injections, the saline used for bladder wall visualisation should be drained. The patient should be observed for at least 30 minutes post-injection.

Onset of effect is usually observed within 2 weeks of treatment. Repeat Dysport treatment should be administered when the effect of a previous injection has diminished, but no sooner than 12 weeks after the previous injection. The median time to retreatment in patients treated with Dysport was between 39 to 47 weeks, although a longer duration of response may occur as more than 40% of patients had not been retreated by 48 weeks.

Method of administration

When treating urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity, Dysport is reconstituted with sodium chloride injection (0.9% w/v) to yield a 15 mL solution containing either 600 units or 800 units. For additional reconstitution instruction please see section 6.6.

Dysport is administered by intradetrusor injection as detailed above.

Spasmodic torticollis

Posology

The doses recommended for torticollis are applicable to adults of all ages, provided the adults are of normal weight with no evidence of reduced neck muscle mass. A lower dose may be appropriate if the patient is markedly underweight or in the elderly, where reduced muscle mass may exist.

The initial recommended dose for the treatment of spasmodic torticollis is 500 units per patient given as a divided dose and administered into the two or three most active neck muscles.

• For rotational torticollis distribute the 500 units by administering 350 units into the splenius capitis muscle, ipsilateral to the direction of the chin/head rotation and 150 units into the sternomastoid muscle, contralateral to the rotation.

• For laterocollis, distribute the 500 units by administering 350 units into the ipsilateral splenius capitis muscle and 150 units into the ipsilateral sternomastoid muscle. In cases associated with shoulder elevation the ipsilateral trapezoid or levator scapulae muscles may also require treatment, according to visible hypertrophy of the muscle or electromyographic (EMG) findings. Where injections of three muscles are required, distribute the 500 units as follows, 300 units splenius capitis, 100 units sternomastoid and 100 units to the third muscle.

• For retrocollis distribute the 500 units by administering 250 units into each of the splenius capitis muscles. Bilateral splenii injections may increase the risk of neck muscle weakness.

• All other forms of torticollis are highly dependent on specialist knowledge and EMG to identify and treat the most active muscles. EMG should be used diagnostically for all complex forms of torticollis, for reassessment after unsuccessful injections in non-complex cases, and for guiding injections into deep muscles or in overweight patients with poorly palpable neck muscles.

On subsequent administration, the doses may be adjusted according to the clinical response and side effects observed. Doses within the range of 250 - 1000 units are recommended, although the higher doses may be accompanied by an increase in side effects, particularly dysphagia. The maximum dose administered must not exceed 1000 units.

The relief of symptoms of torticollis may be expected within a week after the injection.

Injections may be repeated approximately every 16 weeks or as required to maintain a response, but not more frequently than every 12 weeks.

Children: The safety and effectiveness of Dysport in the treatment of spasmodic torticollis in children have not been demonstrated.

Method of administration

When treating spasmodic torticollis, Dysport is reconstituted with sodium chloride injection B.P. (0.9 % w/v) to yield a solution containing 500 units per ml of Dysport (see section 6.6).

Dysport is administered by intramuscular injection as described above.

Blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm

Posology

In a dose ranging clinical trial on the use of Dysport for the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm, a dose of 40 units per eye was significantly effective. Doses of 80 units and 120 units per eye resulted in a longer duration of effect. However, the incidence of local adverse events, specifically ptosis, was dose related. In the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, the maximum dose used must not exceed a total dose of 120 units per eye.

An injection of 10 units (0.05 ml) medially and 10 units (0.05 ml) laterally should be made into the junction between the preseptal and orbital parts of both the upper (3 and 4) and lower orbicularis oculi muscles (5 and 6) of each eye. In order to reduce the risk of ptosis, injections near the levator palpebrae superioris should be avoided.

For injections into the upper lid the needle should be directed away from its centre to avoid the levator muscle. A diagram to aid placement of these injections is provided above. The relief of symptoms may be expected to begin within two to four days with maximal effect within two weeks.

Injections should be repeated approximately every twelve weeks or as required to prevent recurrence of symptoms but not more frequently than every twelve weeks.

On such subsequent administrations, if the response from the initial treatment is considered insufficient, the dose per eye may need to be increased to:

- 60 units: 10 units (0.05 ml) medially and 20 units (0.1 ml) laterally;

- 80 units: 20 units (0.1 ml) medially and 20 units (0.1 ml) laterally; or

- up to 120 units: 20 units (0.1 ml) medially and 40 units (0.2 ml) laterally, above and below each eye in the manner previously described. Additional sites in the frontalis muscle above the brow (1 and 2) may also be injected if spasms here interfere with vision.

In cases of unilateral blepharospasm the injections should be confined to the affected eye. Patients with hemifacial spasm should be treated as for unilateral blepharospasm. The doses recommended are applicable to adults of all ages including the elderly.

Children: The safety and effectiveness of Dysport in the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm in children have not been demonstrated.

Method of administration

When treating blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, Dysport is reconstituted with sodium chloride injection B.P. (0.9 % w/v) to yield a solution containing 200 units per ml of Dysport (see section 6.6).

Dysport is administered by subcutaneous injection medially and laterally into the junction between the preseptal and orbital parts of both the upper and lower orbicularis oculi muscles of the eyes as described above.

Axillary hyperhidrosis

Posology

The recommended initial dosage is 100 units per axilla. If the desired effect is not attained, up to 200 units per axilla can be administered for subsequent injections. The maximum dose administered should not exceed 200 units per axilla.

The area to be injected may be determined beforehand using the iodine-starch test. Both axillae should be cleaned and disinfected. Intradermal injections at ten sites, each site receiving 10 units, i.e., to deliver 100 units per axilla, are then administered. The maximum effect should be seen by week two after injection. In many cases, the recommended dose will provide adequate suppression of sweat secretion for approximately 48 weeks. The time point for further applications should be determined on an individual basis according to clinical need. Injections should not be repeated more frequently than every 12 weeks. There is some evidence for a cumulative effect of repeated doses so the time of each treatment for a given patient should be assessed individually.

Children: The safety and effectiveness of Dysport in the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis in children has not been demonstrated.

Method of administration:

When treating axillary hyperhidrosis, Dysport is reconstituted with sodium chloride solution B.P. (0.9 % w/v) to yield a solution containing 200 units per ml of Dysport (see section 6.6).

Dysport is administered by intradermal injection as described above.

- Known hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

- Urinary tract infection at the time of treatment for the management of urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Side effects related to spread of toxin distant from the site of administration have been reported (see section 4.8) which, in some cases, was associated with dysphagia, pneumonia and/or significant debility resulting, very rarely, in death. Patients treated with therapeutic doses may present with excessive muscle weakness. The risk of occurrence of such undesirable effects may be reduced by using the lowest effective possible dose and by not exceeding the maximum recommended dose.

Dysport should only be used with caution and under close medical supervision in patients with subclinical or clinical evidence of marked defective neuromuscular transmission (e.g. myasthenia gravis). Such patients may have an increased sensitivity to agents such as Dysport, which may result in excessive muscle weakness with therapeutic doses. Patients with underlying neurological disorders are at increased risk of this side effect.

Caution should be exercised when treating adult patients especially the elderly, with focal spasticity affecting the lower limbs, who may be at increased risk of fall. In placebo-controlled clinical studies, where patients were treated for lower limb spasticity, 6.3% and 3.7% of patients experienced a fall in the Dysport and placebo groups, respectively.

Dry eye has been reported with the use of Dysport in the treatment of blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm (see section 4.8). Reduced tear production, reduced blinking, and corneal disorders, may occur with the use of botulinum toxins, including Dysport.

Very rare cases of death, occasionally in the context of dysphagia, pneumopathy (including but not limited to dyspnoea, respiratory failure, respiratory arrest) and/or in patients with significant asthenia have been reported following treatment with botulinum toxin A or B. Patients with disorders resulting in defective neuromuscular transmission, difficulty in swallowing or breathing are more at risk of experiencing these effects. In these patients, treatment must be administered under the control of a specialist and only if the benefit of treatment outweighs the risk.

Dysport should be administered with caution to patients with pre-existing swallowing or breathing problems as these can worsen following the distribution of the effect of toxin into the relevant muscles. Aspiration has occurred in rare cases and is a risk when treating patients who have a chronic respiratory disorder.

The recommended posology and frequency of administration for Dysport must not be exceeded (see section 4.2).

Patients and their care-givers must be warned of the necessity to seek immediate medical treatment in case of swallowing, speech or respiratory problems.

Dysport should not be used to treat spasticity in patients who have developed a fixed contracture.

As with any intramuscular injection, Dysport should only be used where strictly necessary in patients with prolonged bleeding times, infection or inflammation at the proposed site(s) of injection.

Autonomic dysreflexia associated with the treatment procedure for neurogenic detrusor overactivity can occur. Prompt medical attention may be required.

Caution should be taken when Dysport is used where the targeted muscle shows excessive weakness or atrophy.

Dysport should only be used to treat a single patient, during a single session. Specific precautions must be taken during the preparation and administration of the product (see section 4.2) and for the inactivation and disposal of any unused reconstituted solution (see section 6.6).

Antibody formation to botulinum toxin has been noted rarely in patients receiving Dysport. Clinically, neutralising antibodies might be suspected by a substantial deterioration in response to therapy and/or the need for consistent use of increased doses.

Careful consideration should be given before the injection of patients who have experienced a previous allergic reaction to a product containing botulinum toxin type A. The risk of a further allergic reaction must be considered in relation to the benefit of treatment.

Paediatric use

For the treatment of spasticity associated with cerebral palsy in children, Dysport should only be used in children of 2 years of age or over. Post-marketing reports of possible distant spread of toxin have been very rarely reported in paediatric patients with comorbidities, predominantly with cerebral palsy. In general, the dose used in these cases was in excess of that recommended (see section 4.8).

There have been rare spontaneous reports of death sometimes associated with aspiration pneumonia in children with severe cerebral palsy after treatment with botulinum toxin, including following off-label use (e.g. neck area). Extreme caution should be exercised when treating paediatric patients who have significant neurologic debility, dysphagia, or have a recent history of aspiration pneumonia or lung disease. Treatment in patients with poor underlying health status should be administered only if the potential benefit to the individual patient is considered to outweigh the risks.

Traceability

In order to improve the traceability of biological medicinal products, the name and the batch number of the administered product should be clearly recorded.

The effects of botulinum toxin may be potentiated by drugs interfering either directly or indirectly with neuromuscular function (e.g. aminoglycosides, curare-like non-depolarising blockers, muscle relaxants) and such drugs should be used with caution in patients treated with botulinum toxin due to the potential for undesirable effects.

Pregnancy:

There are limited data from the use of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin-haemagglutinin complex in pregnant women. Studies in animals have shown reproductive toxicity at high doses causing maternal toxicity (see section 5.3).

Dysport should be used during pregnancy only if the benefit justifies any potential risk to the foetus. Caution should be exercised when prescribing to pregnant women.

Breast-feeding:

It is not known whether Clostridium botulinum type A toxin-haemagglutinin complex is excreted in human milk. The excretion of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin-haemagglutinin complex in milk has not been studied in animals. The use of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin-haemagglutinin complex during lactation cannot be recommended.

Fertility:

Studies in male and female rats have shown effects on fertility (see section 5.3).

There is a potential risk of muscle weakness or visual disturbances which, if experienced, may temporarily impair the ability to drive or operate machinery.

General

Side effects related to spread of toxin distant from the site of administration have been reported, such as dry mouth, exaggerated muscle weakness, dysphagia, aspiration/aspiration pneumonia, with fatal outcome in some very rare cases (see section 4.4). Hypersensitivity reactions have also been reported post-marketing.

The frequency of adverse reactions reported in placebo-controlled trials after a single administration is defined as follows:

Very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to <1/10); uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥ 1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000); not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).

The following adverse reactions were seen in patients treated across a variety of indications including blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, torticollis, spasticity associated with either cerebral palsy or stroke/TBI and axillary hyperhidrosis:

Frequency of specific adverse reactions by indication

In addition, the following adverse reactions specific to individual indications were reported:

Focal spasticity affecting the upper limbs in adults

*The frequency for Dysphagia was derived from pooled data from open-label studies. Dysphagia was not observed in the double-blind studies in the Adult Upper Limb (AUL) indication.

Focal spasticity affecting the lower limbs in adults

Dynamic equinus foot deformity due to focal spasticity in ambulant paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older

Focal spasticity of upper limbs in paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older

Focal spasticity of upper and lower limbs in paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older

When treating upper and lower limbs concomitantly with Dysport at a total dose of up to 30 U/kg or 1000 U whichever is lower, there are no safety findings in addition to those expected from treating either upper limb or lower limb muscles alone.

Urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity

^a Procedure related event

^bIn the pivotal double blind placebo-controlled studies, over the first 12 weeks of treatment, urinary tract infections were reported in 15.8% of Dysport treated patients and 17.4% of placebo treated patients.

Spasmodic torticollis

Dysphagia appeared to be dose related and occurred most frequently following injection into the sternomastoid muscle. A soft diet may be required until symptoms resolve. These side effects may be expected to resolve within two to four weeks.

Blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm

Side effects may occur due to deep or misplaced injections of Dysport temporarily paralysing other nearby muscle groups.

Axillary hyperhidrosis

Post-marketing experience

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme. Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

Excessive doses may produce distant and profound neuromuscular paralysis. Overdose could lead to an increased risk of the neurotoxin entering the bloodstream and may cause complications associated with the effects of oral botulinum poisoning (e.g. dysphagia and dysphonia). Respiratory support may be required where excessive doses cause paralysis of respiratory muscles. General supportive care is advised. In the event of overdose, the patient should be medically monitored for signs and/or symptoms of excessive muscle weakness or muscle paralysis. Symptomatic treatment should be instigated if necessary.

Symptoms of overdose may not present immediately following injection. Should accidental injection or oral ingestion occur, the patient should be medically supervised for several weeks for signs and/or symptoms of excessive muscle weakness or muscle paralysis.

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Other muscle relaxants, peripherally acting agents.

ATC code: M03AX01

Mechanism of action

Clostridium botulinum type A toxin-haemagglutinin complex blocks peripheral cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction by a presynaptic action at a site proximal to the release of acetylcholine. The toxin acts within the nerve ending to antagonise those events that are triggered by Ca²⁺ which culminate in transmitter release. It does not affect postganglionic cholinergic transmission or postganglionic sympathetic transmission.

The action of toxin involves an initial binding step whereby the toxin attaches rapidly and avidly to the presynaptic nerve membrane. Secondly, there is an internalisation step in which toxin crosses the presynaptic membrane, without causing onset of paralysis. Finally, the toxin inhibits the release of acetylcholine by disrupting the Ca²⁺ mediated acetylcholine release mechanism, thereby diminishing the endplate potential and causing paralysis.

Recovery of impulse transmission occurs gradually as new nerve terminals sprout and contact is made with the postsynaptic motor endplate, a process which takes 6 - 8 weeks in the experimental animal.

Following intradetrusor injection for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity, the toxin affects the efferent pathways of detrusor activity via inhibition of acetylcholine release. In addition, the toxin may inhibit afferent neurotransmitters and sensory pathways.

Clinical efficacy and safety

Focal spasticity in adults

Upper limb:

The efficacy and safety of Dysport for the treatment of upper limb spasticity was evaluated in a randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that included 238 patients (159 Dysport and 79 placebo) with upper limb spasticity who were at least 6 months post-stroke (90%) or post-traumatic brain injury (10%). The primary targeted muscle group (PTMG) was the extrinsic finger flexors (56%), followed by the elbow (28%) and wrist flexors (16%).

The primary efficacy variable was the PTMG muscle tone at week 4, as measured by the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), a 5 point scale ranging from 0 (no increase in muscle tone) to 4 (affected in part[s] rigid in flexion or extension) and the first secondary endpoint was the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) of response to treatment (a 9 point scale ranging from -4 [markedly worse], through 0 [no change], to +4 [markedly improved]). The main results achieved at Week 4 and Week 12 are shown below:

The Principal Target of Treatment (PTT) of the Disability Assessment Scale (DAS) was used to investigate the effect of treatment on functional impairment (passive function). Although some improvement in the mean change from baseline at Week 4 in the Dysport groups was observed, it did not reach statistical significance compared to placebo, the proportion of DAS score responders (subjects achieving at least a one grade improvement) for the PTT was significantly higher at the 1000U dose as shown below:

In addition, statistically significant improvements in spasticity (grade and angle) assessed by the Tardieu scale, in the active range of motion of the fingers, wrist or elbow, and in ease of applying a splint by the subject were observed, especially at the 1000U dose. However, there was no effect of treatment shown on the active function, as assessed by the Modified Frenchay Score, and on quality of life EQ5D or SF-36 questionnaires.

Lower limb affecting the ankle joint:

The efficacy and safety of Dysport for the treatment of lower limb spasticity was evaluated in a pivotal randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study that included 385 post-stroke and brain injury patients (255 Dysport and 130 placebo-treated subjects) with lower limb spasticity primarily affecting the ankle joint. Two doses of Dysport were evaluated for efficacy; Dysport 1000U (N = 125), Dysport 1500U (N = 128) against Placebo (N =128). The primary target muscle group was the gastrocnemius - soleus complex (GSC). The primary end point was Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score assessed at the ankle joint (with the knee extended) at week 4.

Dysport was divided between the GSC and at least one other distal or proximal lower limb muscle according to clinical presentation.

When assessing the primary endpoint, MAS at the ankle with the knee extended (involving all plantar flexors), statistically significant improvement was observed for 1500U. When assessing MAS at the ankle with the knee flexed (involving all plantar flexors except the gastrocnemius), statistically significant improvement was observed for both 1000U and 1500U.

Spasticity assessment using the Tardieu Scale (TS) showed that there were statistically significant improvements in spasticity grade at Weeks 4 to 20 in the Dysport 1500U group and at Weeks 4 to 12 in the Dysport 1000U group. In addition it showed statistically significant differences in Angle of Catch at Week 1 and 16, favouring the higher dose of Dysport. Based on post hoc analysis due to non-normality of PGA data, Dysport treatment was also associated with statistically significant clinical improvement at both doses as measured by the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) Score.

Numerical improvement in ankle dorsiflexion for the higher Dysport dose was seen with the change peaking at 4 weeks post administration. Additional endpoints such as reduction in pain, using walking aids and quality of life measures did not show statistically significant improvement.

On completion of this study, 345 patients entered an open-label extension study in which re-treatment with Dysport 1000U or 1500U was determined by clinical need. This long term follow up study confirmed a prolonged treatment effect on spasticity related outcome measures following repeated injections. Improvements in efficacy parameters (MAS, PGA and TS) seen after 4 weeks of double blind treatment with Dysport in the lower limb were maintained over repeated treatment.

Improvements in 10-m walking speed (comfortable and maximal, with or without shoes) were observed, which increased with successive treatment cycles. No significant improvements in lower limb pain using the SPIN scale, use of walking aids or quality of life measures were observed.

Blepharospasm

Three Dysport doses were investigated over 1 treatment cycle in a clinical study.

Efficacy was measured by the medians of differences in the Percentage of Normal Activity (PNA) values (derived from the Blepharospasm Disability Scale) between each treatment group and placebo. A dose-dependent improvement in blepharospasm was evident with increasing Dysport dose, with all treatment groups being superior to placebo.

[a] p value > 0.001

For the 40 units, 80 units and 120 units Dysport treatment groups, the medians of the changes from baseline in PNA values were statistically significantly higher compared to those in placebo group at weeks 4, 8, and 12.

A statistically significant difference compared to placebo group was also observed for the 80 units and 120 units Dysport treatment groups at week 16, indicating a greater duration of response at the 80 units and 120 units doses.

The incidence of related Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs), specifically ptosis, was higher in the Dysport treatment groups than in the placebo treatment group and was dose-dependent with greater incidence seen at higher Dysport doses. See table below:

Focal spasticity in paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older

Dynamic equinus foot deformity due to focal spasticity in ambulant paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older:

A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study (Study Y-55-52120-141) was conducted in children with dynamic equinus foot deformity due to spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. A total of 235 botulinum toxin naï ve or non-naï ve patients with a Modified Ashworth Score (MAS) of grade 2 or greater were enrolled to receive Dysport 10 units/kg/leg, Dysport 15 units/kg/leg or placebo. Forty one percent of patients were treated bilaterally resulting in a total Dysport dose of either 20 units/kg or 30 units/kg. The primary efficacy variable was the mean change from baseline in MAS in ankle plantar flexors at Week 4. Secondary efficacy variables were the mean Physicians Global Assessment (PGA) score and Mean Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) score at Week 4. Patients were followed up for at least 12 weeks post-treatment and up to a maximum of 28 weeks. On completion of this study, patients were offered entry into an open-label extension study (Study Y-55-52120-147).

MAS Change from Baseline at Week 4 and Week 12, PGA and GAS at Week 4 and Week 12 (ITT Population)

Improvement in the spasticity of the ankle plantar flexors was observed, as assessed by the Tardieu scale. The spasticity grade (Y) was statistically significantly improved compared to placebo for both the 10 units/kg/leg and 15 units/kg/leg Dysport treatment groups at Week 4 and Week 12, and the angle of catch (Xv3) was significant for the 10 units/kg/leg Dysport group at Week 12 and at both Week 4 and Week 12 for the 15 units/kg/leg Dysport group.

Both Dysport treatment groups, 10 units/kg/leg and 15 units/kg/leg, demonstrated a significant improvement from baseline in the Observational Gait Scale (OGS) overall score at Week 4 when compared to placebo and a statistically significantly higher proportion of patients were treatment responders for initial foot contact on the OGS at Week 4 and Week 12.

Parents completed the condition-specific Module for cerebral palsy for the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory. There was a statistically significant improvement from baseline in fatigue at Week 12 in the Dysport 10 units/kg/leg and 15 units/kg/leg Dysport treatment groups compared to placebo. No other statistically significant improvements were observed in the other subscales.

On completion of this study, 216 patients entered an open-label extension study (Y-55-52120-147) where they could receive re-treatment based on clinical need. Both distal (gastrocnemius, soleus and tibialis posterior) and proximal (hamstrings and hip adductors) muscles were permitted to be injected, including multilevel injections. Efficacy was observed over repeated treatment sessions for up to 1 year as assessed by MAS, PGA and GAS.

Focal spasticity of upper limbs in paediatric cerebral palsy patients, two years of age or older:

The efficacy and safety of Dysport for the treatment of upper limb spasticity in children was evaluated in a randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, controlled, study in which doses of 8 U/kg and 16 U/kg in the selected study upper limb were compared with a low dose control group of 2 U/kg. A total of 210 botulinum toxin naï ve or non-naï ve patients with upper limb spasticity due to cerebral palsy (Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score ≥ 2 in the primary targeted muscle group (PTMG)) were randomised and treated in the study.

The total dose of Dysport was injected intramuscularly into the affected upper limb muscles which included the PTMG of either elbow flexors or wrist flexors as well as other upper limb muscles according to the disease presentation. No more than 0.5 ml was allowed to be administered per injection site. However more than one injection site per muscle was permitted.

An Electrical stimulation (ES) and/or ultrasound was used to assist muscle localisation for injection.

After the initial treatment, up to 3 further treatments of Dysport could be administered at planned doses of either 8 U/kg or 16 U/kg, although the investigator could elect to increase or decrease the dose (but not exceeding 16 U/kg). The minimum retreatment interval was 16 weeks. For treatment cycles 2, 3 and 4, injection into the lower limbs and the non-study upper limb was also allowed at the same time as the study upper limb was injected. Subjects were followed-up for a minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 1 year 9 months after entry into the study.

The primary efficacy variable was the mean change from baseline in MAS in PTMG at Week 6. Secondary efficacy variables were the mean Physicians Global Assessment (PGA) score and mean Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) score at Week 6.

MAS Change from Baseline at Week 6 and Week 16, PGA and GAS at Week 6 and Week 16 - Treatment Cycle 1 (mITT)

Improvement in the spasticity of the PTMG was observed, as assessed by the Tardieu scale. In the PTMG elbow flexors, the angle of catch (Xv3) was statistically significantly improved compared with Dysport 2 U/kg at Week 6 for both the 8 and 16 U/kg treatment groups and also at Week 16 for the Dysport 16 U/kg group. In addition, a statistically significant decrease from Baseline in spasticity grade (Y) at Week 6 and 16 was observed for the Dysport 16 U/kg group compared with Dysport 2 U/kg. In the PTMG wrist flexors, statistically significant improvements from Baseline in Xv3 and Y were observed in the Dysport 16 U/kg group compared with the Dysport 2 U/kg group at Week 6 but not for the 8 U/kg group.

Parents completed the condition-specific Module for Cerebral Palsy for the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory. At Week 16, there was a statistically significant improvement from Baseline in fatigue (p=0.0251) in the Dysport 8 U/kg group and, in movement and balance (p=0.0253) in the 16 U/kg group compared with the Dysport 2 U/kg group. No other statistically significant improvements were observed in the other subscales.

The majority of subjects treated with Dysport were retreated by Week 28 (62.3% in the Dysport 8 U/kg group and 61.4% in the Dysport 16 U/kg group), though more than 24% of subjects in both treatment groups had not yet required retreatment by Week 34.

Following repeated treatment, efficacy was generally maintained across treatment cycles for both Dysport 8 U/kg and 16 U/kg groups.

Urinary incontinence due to Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity:

Two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-centre pivotal clinical studies were conducted in patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity. All patients were already using catheterisation to regularly empty their bladder and were inadequately managed with oral therapies; patients were botulinum toxin naive or non-naive for prior intradetrusor treatment. Across both studies, a total of 485 spinal cord injury patients (N=341) or multiple sclerosis patients (N=144) were randomised to receive either Dysport 600 U (N=162), Dysport 800 U (N=161), or placebo (N=162). Treatment was administered cystoscopically as 30 evenly distributed intradetrusor injections, avoiding the trigone. Prophylactic antibiotics were commenced at least 3 days prior to Dysport administration and continued for at least 3 days following Dysport administration. After the initial treatment, patients could receive further treatments of Dysport 600 U or Dysport 800 U on fulfilment of retreatment criteria.

The primary efficacy endpoint was the change from baseline to Week 6 in weekly urinary incontinence episodes. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of patients at Week 6 with no urinary incontinence episodes (100% reduction), change from baseline to Week 6 in volume per void, a range of urodynamic (filling cystometry) parameters, patient-reported incontinence quality of life questionnaire (I-QOL; includes avoidance limiting behaviour, psychosocial impact and social embarrassment) and global impression of treatment response.

Results from the pooled pivotal studies are presented in the table below:

Primary and Secondary Endpoints in Pooled Pivotal Studies (Randomised Population)

Significant improvements over placebo in change from baseline were also observed in the two Dysport groups for volume per void (LS mean change of 85.1 mL for Dysport 600 U, 98.1 mL for Dysport 800 U versus -5.9 mL for placebo at Week 6; p<0.0001 for both Dysport doses) and the urodynamic parameter of detrusor compliance (LS mean change of 29.3 mL/cmH₂O for Dysport 600 U, 28.6 mL/cmH₂O for Dysport 800 U versus 2.8 mL/cmH₂O for placebo at Week 6; p=0.0039 and p=0.0049, respectively). In addition to the incontinence-specific health related quality of life measured by I-QOL, the patient's global impression of treatment response, as measured by the 7-point rating scale (from 'very much better' to 'very much worse') showed a significantly better response following Dysport treatment compared to placebo.

Additional benefit of Dysport 800 U over 600 U was suggested for subjects with higher baseline urinary incontinence or higher baseline MDP.

For all efficacy endpoints, patients experienced a consistent response with Dysport re-treatment; there were 426, 217 and 76 subjects who received at least 1, 2 and 3 treatments with Dysport. The mean decrease in weekly urinary incontinence episodes at Week 6 across the Dysport cycles was -21.2 to -22.3 for Dysport 600 U and -21.3 to -23.7 for Dysport 800 U.

The median time to re-treatment was 39 to 47 weeks after receiving the initial Dysport treatment, although more than 40% of subjects were not retreated by 48 weeks.

Axillary hyperhidrosis

The efficacy and safety of Dysport for the treatment of Axillary Hyperhidrosis was evaluated in a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind clinical study that included 152 adult patients with Axillary Hyperhidrosis who had symptoms for greater than one year and had failed standard therapy. Patients were injected with 200U in one axilla and placebo into the other. Two weeks later patients were injected with 100U Dysport in the axilla previously injected with placebo.

At the primary end point i.e. two weeks after treatment with Dysport, efficacy was measured as PCF (Proportional Change Function of sweat production on gravimetric analysis mg/min) relative to baseline. The results are shown below:

PCF = proportional change function; SD = standard deviation; U = units; vs =versus

*Paired t-test Dysport 200U vs placebo: p<0.0001

#Paired t-test Dysport 200U vs Dysport 100U: p=0.0416

In the same study absolute sweat production was a secondary endpoint: 200U Dysport treatment resulted in an average absolute sweat production decrease from 165 ± 112 mg/min to 24 ± 27 mg/min 2 weeks after injection, and 86.2 % of patients achieved an absolute sweat rate of less than 50 mg/min. The 100U treatment resulted in an average absolute sweat production decrease from 143 ± 111mg/min to 31 ± 48 mg/min 2 weeks after injection, and 83.4% of patients achieved an absolute sweat rate of less than 50 mg/min. The placebo treatment resulted in an average absolute sweat production decrease from 173 ± 131mg/min to 143 ± 111 mg/min 2 weeks after injection, and 3.9 % of patients achieved an absolute sweat rate of less than 50 mg/min.

Efficacy was observed for up to 48 weeks. Subsequent injections under a follow up open label study showed a similar decrease in sweating though there was some evidence that duration of effect may persist for longer in subsequent treatment cycles.

Pharmacokinetic studies with botulinum toxin pose problems in animals because of the high potency, the minute doses involved, the large molecular weight of the compound and the difficulty of labelling toxin to produce sufficiently high specific activity. Studies using I¹²⁵ labelled toxin have shown that the receptor binding is specific and saturable, and the high density of toxin receptors is a contributory factor to the high potency. Dose and time responses in monkeys showed that at low doses there was a delay of 2 - 3 days with peak effect seen 5 - 6 days after injection. The duration of action measured by changes of ocular alignment and muscle paralysis varied between 2 weeks and 8 months. This pattern is also seen in man, and is attributed to the process of binding, internalisation and changes at the neuromuscular junction.

Intramuscular administration (Striated muscles)

In a chronic toxicity study performed in rats, up to 12 units/animal, there was no indication of systemic toxicity. Reproductive toxicity studies in pregnant rats and rabbits given Clostridium botulinum type A toxin-haemagglutinin complex by daily intramuscular injection, at doses of 6.6 units/kg (79 units/kg total cumulative dose) and 3.0 units/kg (42 units/kg total cumulative dose) in rats and rabbits respectively, did not result in embryo/fetal toxicity. Implantation losses at maternally toxic doses were observed at higher doses in both species. Clostridium botulinum type A toxin-haemagglutinin complex demonstrated no teratogenic activity in either rats or rabbits and no effects were observed in the pre- and postnatal study on the F1 generation in rats. Fertility of male and female rats was decreased due to reduced mating, secondary to muscle paralysis, at doses of 29.4 units/kg weekly in males and increased implantation loss at 20 units/kg weekly in females (see section 4.6).

In a pivotal single dose study, juveniles showed a slight delay in sexual maturation (not observed in the repeat dose study), an effect associated with decreased body weight, but subsequent mating performance and fertility were unaffected. In a pivotal repeated dose juvenile study, rats treated weekly from the age of weaning on Postnatal Day 21 up to 13 weeks of age comparable to children of 2 years old, to young adulthood (11 administrations over 10 weeks, up to total dose of approximately 33 units/kg) do not show adverse effects on postnatal growth (including skeletal evaluation), reproductive, neurological and neurobehavioral development.

The effects in reproduction, juvenile and chronic toxicity non-clinical studies were limited to changes in injected muscles related to the mechanism of action of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin-haemagglutinin complex.

There was no ocular irritation following administration of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin-haemagglutinin complex into the eyes of rabbits.

Intradetrusor administration

In single-dose toxicity studies, the NOAEL was determined to be 67 U/kg in the rat and 40 U/kg in the monkey. In the two species, no Clostridium botulinum toxin type A-related findings were found in the bladder at any of the tested doses. At doses above the NOAELs, body weight loss, decreased activity and signs of respiratory distress were reported in both species. These signs are classical signs of systemic toxicity that were also observed in non-clinical studies conducted to evaluate the safety of Clostridium botulinum toxin type A in striated muscles.

Human albumin

Lactose.

In the absence of compatibility studies, this medicinal product must not be mixed with other medicinal products.

Unopened vial:

2 years

Reconstituted solution:

Chemical and physical in-use stability has been demonstrated for 24 hours at 2° C - 8° C.

From a microbiological point of view, unless the method of reconstitution precludes the risk of microbial contamination, the product should be used immediately. If not used immediately, in-use storage times and conditions prior to use are the responsibility of the user.

Unopened vial:

Store in a refrigerator (2° C - 8° C).

Do not freeze.

Reconstituted solution:

For storage conditions after reconstitution of the medicinal product, see section 6.3.

3 ml vial (type 1 glass) with a stopper (bromobutyl rubber), with an overseal (aluminium), containing 300 units of botulinum toxin type A powder for solution for injection.

Pack sizes of 1 or 2 vials.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

When preparing and handling Dysport solutions, the use of gloves is recommended. If Dysport dry powder or reconstituted solution should come into contact with the skin or mucous membranes, they should be washed thoroughly with water.

Instructions for reconstitution

The exposed central portion of the rubber stopper should be cleaned with alcohol immediately prior to piercing the septum. A sterile 23 or 25 gauge needle should be used.

Each vial is for single use only.

Reconstitution instructions are specific for each of the 300 unit vial and the 500 unit vial. These volumes yield concentrations specific for the use for each indication, except for the indication of urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity for which there are specific instructions (see below).

*Preservative-free 0.9 % sodium chloride injection

For paediatric cerebral palsy spasticity, which is dosed using unit per body weight, further dilution may be required to achieve the final volume for injection.

Dilution instructions for urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity:

The overall result following preparation is to have the required 15 mL of reconstituted Dysport for injection equally divided between two 10 mL syringes, with each syringe containing 7.5 mL of reconstituted Dysport at the same concentration.

After reconstitution in the syringe the product should be used immediately and any unused product remaining in the vials should be disposed of. Only 300 U or 500 U vials of Dysport should be used.

Dilution instructions for a dose of 600 U

• Using 300 U vials: Reconstitute two 300 U vials each with 1.5 mL of preservative-free saline solution (0.9 % sodium chloride for injection). Into the first 10 mL syringe draw all of the 1.5 mL from the first vial and into the second 10 mL syringe draw all of the 1.5 mL from the second vial. Complete the reconstitution by adding 6.0 mL of preservative-free saline solution into both syringes and mix gently.

This will result in two 10 mL syringes, each containing 7.5 mL, providing a total of 600 U of reconstituted Dysport.

• Using 500 U vials: Reconstitute two 500 U vials each with 2.5 mL of preservative-free saline solution (0.9 % sodium chloride for injection). Into the first 10 mL syringe draw 1.5 mL from the first vial and into the second 10 mL syringe draw 1.5 mL from the second vial. Complete the reconstitution by adding 6 mL of preservative-free saline solution into both syringes and mix gently.

This will result in two 10 mL syringes, each containing 7.5 mL, providing a total of 600 U of reconstituted Dysport.

Dilution instructions for a dose of 800 U

• Using 300 U vials: Reconstitute three 300 U vials each with 1.5 mL of preservative-free saline solution (0.9 % sodium chloride for injection). Into the first 10 mL syringe draw all of the 1.5 mL from the first vial and 0.5 mL from the second vial. Into the second 10 mL syringe draw 0.5 mL from the second vial and all of the 1.5 mL from the third vial. Complete the reconstitution by adding 5.5 mL of preservative-free saline solution into both syringes and mix gently.

This will result in two 10 mL syringes, each containing 7.5 mL, providing a total of 800 U of reconstituted Dysport.

• Using 500 U vials: Reconstitute two 500 U vials each with 2.5 mL of preservative-free saline solution (0.9 % sodium chloride for injection). Into the first 10 mL syringe draw 2 mL from the first vial and into the second 10 mL syringe draw 2 mL from the second vial. Complete the reconstitution by adding 5.5 mL of preservative-free saline solution into both syringes and mix gently.

This will result in two 10 mL syringes, each containing 7.5 mL, providing a total of 800 U of reconstituted Dysport.

• Using combination of 500 U and 300 U vials: Reconstitute the 500 U vial with 2.5 mL of preservative-free saline solution (0.9 % sodium chloride for injection) and the 300 U vial with 1.5 mL of preservative-free saline solution. Into the first 10 mL syringe draw 2 mL from the 500 U vial. Into the second 10 mL syringe draw the remaining 0.5 mL from the 500 U vial and all of the 1.5 mL from the 300 U vial. Complete the reconstitution by adding 5.5 mL of preservative-free saline solution into both syringes and mix gently.

This will result in two 10 mL syringes, each containing 7.5 mL, providing a total of 800 U of reconstituted Dysport.

Appearance of product after reconstitution:

A clear, colourless solution, free from particulate matter.

Disposal

Immediately after treatment of the patient, any residual Dysport which may be present in either vial or syringe should be inactivated with dilute hypochlorite solution (1 % available chlorine).

Spillage of Dysport should be wiped up with an absorbent cloth soaked in dilute hypochlorite solution.

Any unused product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.