Kelhale 100 micrograms per actuation pressurised inhalation solution

Kelhale is indicated for the prophylactic management of mild, moderate or severe asthma in adults over 18 years of age.

Kelhale is for inhalation use only.

NOTE: The dose of Kelhale should be adjusted to the needs of the individual patient. The recommended total daily dose of Kelhale is lower than that for most other beclometasone dipropionate containing products

Posology

Adult

Starting and maintenance dose

It is important to gain control of asthma symptoms and optimise pulmonary function as soon as possible. When patients' symptoms remain under satisfactory control, the dose should be titrated to the lowest dose at which effective control of asthma is maintained.

To be effective inhaled Kelhale must be used on a regular basis even when patients are asymptomatic.

Therapy in new patients should be initiated at the following dosages:

Mild asthma: 100 to 200 micrograms per day in two divided doses.

Moderate asthma: 200 to 400 micrograms per day in two divided doses.

Severe asthma: 400 to 800 micrograms per day in two divided doses.

Patients on budesonide inhalers may be transferred to Kelhale as described below

The general approach to switching patients to Kelhale involves two steps as detailed below.

Specific guidance on switching well-controlled and poorly-controlled (symptomatic) patients is given below the table.

Step 1: Consider the dose of budesonide-containing inhalers appropriate to the patient's current condition.

Step 2: Convert the budesonide inhaler dose to the Kelhale dose according to the table below.

Patients with well-controlled asthma using budesonide inhaler products should be switched to Kelhale at a dose in accordance with the table above.

For example:

Patients on 2 puffs twice daily of budesonide 100 micrograms would change to 2 puffs twice daily of Kelhale 50 micrograms.

Patients with poorly-controlled asthma may be switched from budesonide inhaler products to Kelhale at the same microgram for microgram dose up to 800 micrograms daily.

Alternatively, the patient's current budesonide inhaler dose can be doubled and this dose can be converted to the Kelhale dose according to the table above.

Patients on fluticasone inhalers may be transferred to the same total daily dose of Kelhale up to 800 micrograms daily.

Once transferred to Kelhale the dose should be adjusted to meet the needs of the individual patient.

The maximum recommended dose is 800 micrograms per day in divided doses.

The same total daily dose in micrograms from either Kelhale 50 (a lower strength) or Kelhale 100 aerosol provides the same clinical effect

Paediatric population

For children or adolescent under 18 years old, there are insufficient clinical data to recommend use.

Special populations

Hepatic impairment

No special dosage recommendations are made for patients with hepatic impairment.

Renal impairment

No special dosage recommendations are made for patients with renal impairment.

Elderly

No special dosage recommendations are made for elderly.

Method of administration

Patients should be instructed in the proper use of their inhaler, including rinsing out their mouth with water after use.

Beclometasone dipropionate aerosol is recommended for those patients who have demonstrated consistent good technique with co-ordinating actuation and inhalation.

The patient should read the instruction leaflet before use.

Before first use of the inhaler, or if the inhaler has not been used for two weeks or more, prime the inhaler by releasing two puffs into the air.

Where a spacer is considered necessary for specific patient needs, beclometasone dipropionate aerosol can be used with AeroChamber Plus™ holding chamber, as the extrafine particle fraction is maintained.

Kelhale delivers a consistent dose, at temperatures as low as -10° C, without the need for the patient to wait between individual actuations.

Hypersensitivity to beclometasone dipropionate or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.

Patients should be properly instructed on the use of the inhaler to ensure that the drug reaches the target areas within the lungs. To be effective, beclometasone dipropionate must be used by patients on a regular basis, even when patients do not have asthma symptoms. When symptoms are controlled, maintenance beclometasone dipropionate therapy should be reduced in a stepwise manner to the minimum effective dose. Inhaled steroid treatment should not be stopped abruptly.

Patients with asthma are at risk of acute attacks and should have regular assessments of their asthma control including pulmonary function tests.

Beclometasone dipropionate is not indicated for the immediate relief of asthma attacks. Patients therefore need to have relief medication (inhaled short-acting bronchodilator) available for such circumstances.

Severe asthma exacerbations should be managed in the usual way. Subsequently, it may be necessary to increase the dose of extrafine beclometasone dipropionate up to the maximum daily dose. Systemic steroid treatment may be needed and/or an antibiotic, if there is an infection, together with β -agonist therapy, as needed.

Severe asthma requires regular medical assessment, including lung-function testing, as there is a risk of severe attacks and even death. Patients should be instructed to seek medical attention as soon as possible for review of beclometasone dipropionate therapy, if their peak flow falls, if symptoms persist or worsen or if their short-acting relief bronchodilator treatment becomes less effective, or more inhalations than usual are required, this may indicate deterioration of asthma control. If this occurs, patients should be assessed and the need for increased anti-inflammatory therapy considered (eg. higher doses of inhaled corticosteroid or a course of oral corticosteroid)

Treatment with beclometasone dipropionate should not be stopped abruptly.

Patients who have received systemic steroids for long periods of time or at high doses, or both, need special care and subsequent management when being transferred to inhaled steroid therapy. Patients should have stable asthma before being given inhaled steroids in addition to the usual maintenance dose of systemic steroid. Withdrawal of systemic steroids should be gradual, starting about seven days after the introduction of inhaled steroid therapy. For daily oral doses of prednisolone of 10mg or less, dose reduction in 1mg steps, at intervals of not less than one week is recommended. For patients on daily maintenance doses of oral prednisolone greater than 10mg, larger weekly reductions in the dose might be acceptable. The dose reduction scheme should be chosen to correlate with the magnitude of the maintenance systemic steroid dose.

Most patients can be successfully transferred to inhaled steroids with maintenance of good respiratory function, but special care is necessary for the first few months after the transfer, until the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has sufficiently recovered to enable the patient to cope with stressful emergencies such as trauma, surgery or serious infections. Patients should, therefore, carry a steroid warning card to indicate the possible need to re-instate systemic steroid therapy rapidly during periods of stress or where airways obstruction or mucus significantly compromises the inhaled route of administration. In addition, it may be advisable to provide such patients with a supply of corticosteroid tablets to use in these circumstances. The dose of inhaled steroids should be increased at this time and then gradually reduced to the maintenance level after the systemic steroid has been discontinued. As recovery from impaired adrenocortical function, caused by prolonged systemic steroid therapy is slow, adrenocortical function should be monitored regularly.

Patients should be advised that they may feel unwell in a non-specific way during systemic steroid withdrawal despite maintenance of, or even improved respiratory function. Patients should be advised to persevere with their inhaled product and to continue withdrawal of systemic steroids, even if feeling unwell, unless there is evidence of HPA axis suppression.

Discontinuation of systemic steroids may also cause exacerbation of allergic diseases such as atopic eczema and rhinitis. These should be treated as required with topical therapy, including corticosteroids and/or antihistamines.

Beclometasone dipropionate, like other inhaled steroids, is absorbed into the systemic circulation from the lungs. Beclometasone dipropionate and its metabolites may exert detectable suppression of adrenal function. Within the dose range 100-800 micrograms daily, clinical studies with beclometasone dipropionate have demonstrated mean values for adrenal function and responsiveness within the normal range.

However, systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids may occur, particularly at high doses prescribed for prolonged periods. These effects are much less likely to occur than with oral corticosteroids. Possible systemic effects include Cushing's syndrome, Cushingoid features, adrenal suppression, decrease in bone mineral density, cataract, glaucoma, blurred vision and more rarely, a range of psychological or behavioural effects including psychomotor hyperactivity, sleep disorders, anxiety, depression or aggression. It is important, therefore, that the dose of inhaled corticosteroid is titrated to the lowest dose at which effective control of asthma is maintained.

Prolonged treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, particularly higher than the recommended doses, may result in clinically significant adrenal suppression and acute adrenal crisis. Situations that could potentially trigger acute adrenal crisis include trauma, surgery, infection or any rapid reduction in dose. Presenting symptoms are typically vague and may include anorexia, abdominal pain, weight loss, tiredness, headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, hypotension, hypoglycaemia and seizures. Additional systemic corticosteroid cover should be considered during periods of stress or elective surgery. Those patients should be instructed to carry a steroid warning card indicating their needs at all times.

Like other corticosteroids, caution is necessary in patients with active or latent pulmonary tuberculosis.

As with other inhalation therapy, paradoxical bronchospasm may occur with an immediate increase in wheezing and shortness of breath after dosing. Paradoxical bronchospasm responds to a fast-acting bronchodilator and should be treated straightaway. Beclometasone dipropionate should be discontinued immediately, the patient should be assessed and alternative therapy instituted if necessary.

Visual disturbance may be reported with systemic and topical corticosteroid use. If a patient presents with symptoms such as blurred vision or other visual disturbances, the patient should be considered for referral to an ophthalmologist for evaluation of possible causes which may include cataract, glaucoma or rare diseases such as central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) which have been reported after use of systemic and topical corticosteroids.

Patients should be advised that this product contains small amounts of ethanol. At the normal doses, the amounts of ethanol are negligible and do not pose a risk to patients (see section 4.5).

Kelhale contains a small amount of ethanol. There is a theoretical potential for interaction in particularly sensitive patients taking disulfiram or metronidazole.

Beclometasone is less dependent on CYP3A metabolism than some other corticosteroids, and in general interactions are unlikely; however the possibility of systemic effects with concomitant use of strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g. ritonavir, cobicistat) cannot be excluded, and therefore caution and appropriate monitoring is advised with the use of such agents.

The potential risk of this product for humans is unknown.

Pregnancy

There is no experience of this product in pregnancy in humans, therefore the product should only be used if the expected benefits to the mother are thought to outweigh any potential risk to the foetus or neonate.

Breast-feeding

There is no experience of this product in lactation in humans, therefore the product should only be used if the expected benefits to the mother are thought to outweigh any potential risk to the foetus or neonate.

Fertility

There is no data from the use of beclometasone dipropionate on human fertility.

Beclometasone dipropionate

There is inadequate evidence of safety in human pregnancy. Administration of corticosteroids to pregnant animals can cause abnormalities of foetal development including cleft palate and intra-uterine growth retardation. There may therefore, be a risk of such effects in the human foetus. It should be noted, however, that the foetal changes in animals occur after relatively high systemic exposure. Beclometasone dipropionate is delivered directly to the lungs by the inhaled route and so avoids the high level of exposure that occurs when corticosteroids are given by systemic routes.

No specific studies examining the transfer of beclometasone dipropionate into the milk of lactating animals have been performed. It is probable that beclometasone dipropionate is excreted in milk. However, given the relatively low doses used by the inhalation route, the levels are likely to be low. In mothers breast feeding their baby the therapeutic benefits of the drug should be weighed against the potential hazards to mother and baby.

The use of beclometasone dipropionate in pregnancy requires that the possible benefits of the drug be weighed against the possible hazards. The drug has been in widespread use for many years without apparent ill consequence.

There is no experience with or evidence of safety of propellant HFA 134a in human pregnancy or lactation. However, studies on the effect of HFA 134a on reproductive function and embryofoetal development in animals have revealed no clinically relevant adverse effects.

Not relevant.

A serious hypersensitivity reaction including oedema of the eye, face, lips and throat (angioedema) has been reported rarely.

As with other inhalation therapy, paradoxical bronchospasm may occur after dosing. Immediate treatment with a short-acting bronchodilator should be initiated, beclometasone dipropionate should be discontinued immediately and an alternative prophylactic treatment introduced.

Systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids may occur, particularly with high doses prescribed for prolonged periods. These include adrenal suppression, decrease in bone mineral density and the occurrence of cataract and glaucoma.

Commonly, when taking beclometasone dipropionate, hoarseness and candidiasis of the throat and mouth may occur. To reduce the risk of hoarseness and candida infection, patients are advised to rinse their mouth after using their inhaler.

Based on the MedDra system organ class and frequencies, adverse events are listed in the table below according to the following frequency estimate: very common (≥ 1/10); common (≥ 1/100 to <1/10); Uncommon (≥ 1/1,000 to <1/100); rare (≥ 1/10,000 to <1/1,000); very rare (<1/10,000), not known (cannot be estimated from the available data).

*Systemic reactions are a possible response to inhaled corticosteroids, especially when a high dose is prescribed for a prolonged time (see section 4.4).

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions:

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product. Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme at: https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

Acute overdosage is unlikely to cause problems. The only harmful effect that follows inhalation of large amounts of the drug over a short time period is suppression of HPA axis function. Specific emergency action need not be taken. Treatment with beclometasone dipropionate should be continued at the recommended dose to control the asthma; HPA axis function recovers in a day or two.

If excessive doses of beclometasone dipropionate were taken over a prolonged period a degree of atrophy of the adrenal cortex could occur in addition to HPA axis suppression. In this event the patient should be treated as steroid dependent and transferred to a suitable maintenance dose of a systemic steroid such as prednisolone. Once the condition is stabilised, the patient should be returned to beclometasone dipropionate by the method described above in section 4.4

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Glucocorticoids, ATC Code: R03B A01

Beclometasone dipropionate is a pro-drug with weak glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity. It is extensively hydrolysed via esterase enzymes to the active metabolite beclometasone 17-monohydrate, which is a potent topical anti-inflammatory agent.

Kelhale contains beclometasone dipropionate in solution with propellant HFA-134a resulting in an extrafine aerosol. The aerosol droplets are on average much smaller than the beclometasone dipropionate particles delivered by CFC-containing suspension formulations or dry powder formulations of beclometasone dipropionate. The extrafine particle fraction will be 60% ± 20% of the drug particles ≤ 3.3 microns per shot, ex-actuator.

Radio-labelled deposition studies in adults with mild asthma have demonstrated that the majority of drug (>55% ex-actuator) is deposited in the lung and a small amount (< 35% ex-actuator) is deposited in the oropharynx. These delivery characteristics result in equivalent therapeutic effects at lower total daily doses of beclometasone dipropionate, compared with CFC beclometasone dipropionate formulations.

Inhaled beclometasone dipropionate is well established in the management of asthma. It is a synthetic glucocorticoid and exerts a topical, anti-inflammatory effect on the lungs, with fewer systemic effects than oral corticosteroids.

Comparative clinical studies have demonstrated that asthma patients achieve equivalent pulmonary function and control of symptoms with beclometasone dipropionate at lower total daily doses than CFC containing beclometasone dipropionate aerosol inhalers.

Pharmacodynamic studies in patients with mild asthma given beclometasone dipropionate for 14 days, have shown that there is a linear correlation among urinary free cortisol suppression, dose administered, and serum total-beclometasone levels obtained. At a daily dose of 800 micrograms beclometasone dipropionate, suppression of urinary free cortisol was comparable with that observed with the same daily dose of CFC containing beclometasone dipropionate, indicating a wider safety margin, as beclometasone dipropionate is administered at lower doses than the CFC-containing product.

The pharmacokinetic profile of beclometasone dipropionate shows that the peak serum concentration for total- beclometasone (BOH) (total of any beclometasone OH and beclometasone dipropionate or monopropionate hydrolysed to beclometasone OH) after single and multiple doses is achieved after 30 minutes.

The value at the peak is approximately 2 nanograms/ml after a total daily dose of 800 micrograms and the serum levels after 100, 200 and 400 micrograms are proportional. The principal route of elimination of beclometasone dipropionate and its several metabolites is in the faeces. Between 10% and 15% of an orally administered dose is excreted in the urine, as both conjugated and free metabolites of the drug.

In both single dose and multiple dose pharmacokinetic studies, a dose of 200 micrograms of beclometasone dipropionate achieved comparable total-BOH levels, as a dose of 400 micrograms of CFC containing beclometasone dipropionate Aerosol. This provided the scientific rationale for investigating lower total daily doses of beclometasone dipropionate to achieve the same clinical effect.

Pharmacokinetic studies with beclometasone dipropionate have not been carried out in any other special populations.

In animal studies, propellant HFA-134a has been shown to have no significant pharmacological effects other than at very high exposure concentrations, then narcosis and a relatively weak cardiac sensitising effect were found. The potency of the cardiac sensitisation was less than that of CFC-11 (trichlorofluoromethane).

In studies to detect toxicity, repeated high dose levels of propellant HFA-134a indicated that safety margins based on systemic exposure would be of the order 2200, 1314 and 381 for mouse, rat and dog with respect to humans.

There are no reasons to consider propellant HFA-134a as a potential mutagen, clastogen or carcinogen judged from in vitro and in vivo studies including long-term administration by inhalation in rodents.

Studies of propellant HFA-134a administered to pregnant and lactating rats and rabbits have not revealed any special hazard.

In animals, systemic administration of relatively high doses can cause abnormalities of foetal development including growth retardation and cleft palate. There may therefore be a very small risk of such effects in the human foetus. However, inhalation of beclometasone dipropionate into the lungs avoids the high level of exposure that occurs with administration by systemic routes.

Safety studies with this product in rat and dog showed few, if any, adverse effects other than those normally associated with general steroid exposure including lymphoid tissue alterations such as reduction in thymus, adrenal and spleen weights. An inhalation reproductive study with this product in rats did not exhibit any teratogenic effects.

Propellant HFA-134a (Norflurane)

Ethanol.

Not applicable

2 years

Do not store above 25° C. Protect from frost and direct sunlight.

The canister contains a pressurised liquid. Do not expose to temperatures higher that 50° C. Do not pierce the canister.

Kelhale is supplied in an aluminium container fitted with a metering valve and a plastic actuator made up of polypropylene with dose indicator. Each inhaler delivers 200 actuations.

Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.