• Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.
• If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
• This medicine has been prescribed for you only. Do not pass it on to others. It may harm them, even if their signs of illness are the same as yours.
• If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist.This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4.

1. What Kliofem^® is and what it is used for
2. What you need to know before you take Kliofem^®
3. How to take Kliofem^®
4. Possible side effects
5. How to store Kliofem^®
6. Contents of the pack and other information

During the menopause, the amount of the oestrogen produced by a woman’s body drops. This can cause symptoms such as hot face, neck and chest (‘hot flushes’). Kliofem^® alleviates these symptoms after menopause. You will only be prescribed Kliofem^® if your symptoms seriously hinder your daily life.

After the menopause some women may develop fragile bones (osteoporosis). You should discuss all available options with your doctor.

If you are at an increased risk of fractures due to osteoporosis and other medicines are not suitable for you, you can use Kliofem^® to prevent osteoporosis after menopause.

Kliofem^® is prescribed for women who have not had their womb removed, and whose periods stopped more than a year ago.

The experience of treating women older than 65 years is limited.

The use of HRT carries risks which need to be considered when deciding whether to start taking it or whether to carry on taking it.

The experience in treating women with a premature menopause (due to ovarian failure or surgery) is limited. If you have a premature menopause, the risks of using HRT may be different. Please talk to your doctor.

Before you start (or restart) HRT, your doctor will ask about your own and your family’s medical history. Your doctor may decide to perform a physical examination. This may include an examination of your breasts and/or an internal examination, if necessary.

Once you have started on Kliofem^® you should see your doctor for regular check-ups (at least once a year). At these check-ups, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of continuing with Kliofem^®.

Go for regular breast screening, as recommended by your doctor.

If any of the following applies to you. If you are not sure about any of the points below, talk to your doctor before taking Kliofem^®.

Do not take Kliofem^®:

• if you have, have had or suspect having breast cancer
• if you have, have had or suspect having cancer of the womb lining (endometrial cancer), or any other oestrogen dependent cancer
• if you have any unexplained vaginal bleeding
• if you have excessive thickening of the womb lining (endometrial hyperplasia) that is not being treated
• if you have or have ever had a blood clot in a vein (venous thromboembolism), such as in the legs (deep venous thrombosis) or the lungs (pulmonary embolism)
• if you have a blood clotting disorder (such as protein C, protein S or antithrombin deficiency)
• if you have or previously have had a disease caused by blood clots in the arteries, such as a heart attack, stroke or angina
• if you have or have ever had a liver disease and your liver function tests have not returned to normal
• if you have a rare blood problem called ‘porphyria’ which is passed down in families (inherited)
• if you are allergic (hypersensitive) to estradiol, norethisterone acetate or any of the other ingredients of Kliofem^® (listed in section 6 Contents of the pack and other information).

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any of the following problems, before you start the treatment, as these may return or become worse during treatment with Kliofem^®. If so, you should see your doctor more often for check-ups:

• fibroids inside your womb
• growth of the womb lining outside your womb (endometriosis) or a history of excessive growth of the womb lining (endometrial hyperplasia)
• increased risk of developing blood clots (see Blood clots in a vein (venous thromboembolism))
• increased risk of getting an oestrogen-sensitive cancer (such as having a mother, sister or grandmother who has had breast cancer)
• high blood pressure
• a liver disorder, such as a benign liver tumour
• diabetes
• gallstones
• migraine or severe headaches
• a disease of the immune system that affects many organs of the body (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE)
• epilepsy
• asthma
• a disease affecting the eardrum and hearing (otosclerosis)
• a very high level of fat in your blood (triglycerides)
• fluid retention due to cardiac or kidney problems
• if you are taking medicine for an underactive thyroid gland your doctor will perform tests while you are taking HRT to ensure that your thyroid hormone level remains acceptable
• a hereditary condition causing recurrent episodes of severe swelling (hereditary angioedema) or if you have had episodes of rapid swelling of the hands, face, feet, lips, eyes, tongue, throat (airway blockage) or digestive tract (acquired angioedema)
• lactose intolerance.

If you notice any of the following when taking HRT:

• any of the conditions mentioned in the Do not take Kliofem^® section
• yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes (jaundice). These may be signs of a liver disease
• swollen face, tongue and/or throat and/or difficulty swallowing or hives, together with difficulty breathing which are suggestive of an angioedema
• a large rise in your blood pressure (symptoms may be headache, tiredness, dizziness)
• migraine-like headaches which happen for the first time
• if you become pregnant
• if you notice signs of a blood clot, such as:
  
  • painful swelling and redness of the legs
  • sudden chest pain
  • difficulty in breathing.
  For more information, see Blood clots in a vein (venous thromboembolism)

Note: Kliofem^® is not a contraceptive. If it is less than 12 months since your last menstrual period or you are under 50 years old, you may still need to use additional contraception to prevent pregnancy. Speak to your doctor for advice.

Excessive thickening of the lining of the womb (endometrial hyperplasia) and cancer of the lining of the womb (endometrial cancer)

Taking oestrogen-only HRT will increase the risk of excessive thickening of the lining of the womb (endometrial hyperplasia) and cancer of the womb lining (endometrial cancer).

The progestagen in Kliofem^® protects you from this extra risk.

Compare

In women who still have a womb and who are not taking HRT, on average, 5 in 1 000 will be diagnosed with endometrial cancer between the ages of 50 and 65.

For women aged 50 to 65 who still have a womb and who take oestrogen-only HRT, between 10 and 60 women in 1 000 will be diagnosed with endometrial cancer (i.e. between 5 and 55 extra cases), depending on the dose and for how long it is taken.

You may have irregular bleeding or drops of blood (spotting) during the first 3-6 months of taking Kliofem^®. However, if the irregular bleeding:

• carries on for more than the first 6 months
• starts after you have been taking Kliofem^® for more than 6 months
• carries on after you have stopped taking Kliofem^®

see your doctor as soon as possible.

Evidence shows that taking combined oestrogen-progestagen or oestrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of breast cancer. The extra risk depends on how long you use HRT. The additional risk becomes clear within 3 years of use. After stopping HRT the extra risk will decrease with time, but the risk may persist for 10 years or more if you have used HRT for more than 5 years.

Compare

Women aged 50 to 54 who are not taking HRT, on average, 13 to 17 in 1 000 will be diagnosed with breast cancer over a 5-year period.

For women aged 50 who start taking oestrogen-only HRT for 5 years, there will be 16-17 cases in 1 000 users (i.e. an extra 0 to 3 cases).

For women aged 50 who start taking oestrogen-progestagen HRT for 5 years, there will be 21 cases in 1 000 users (i.e. an extra 4 to 8 cases).

Women aged 50 to 59 who are not taking HRT, on average, 27 in 1 000 will be diagnosed with breast cancer over a 10-year period.

For women aged 50 who start taking oestrogen-only HRT for 10 years, there will be 34 cases in 1 000 users (i.e. an extra 7 cases).

For women aged 50 who start taking oestrogen-progestagen HRT for 10 years, there will be 48 cases in 1 000 users (i.e. an extra 21 cases).

Regularly check your breasts. See your doctor if you notice any changes such as:

• dimpling of the skin
• changes in the nipple
• any lumps you can see or feel.

Additionally, you are advised to join mammography screening programs when offered to you. For mammogram screening, it is important that you inform the nurse/healthcare professional who is actually taking the x-ray that you use HRT, as this medication may increase the density of your breasts which may affect the outcome of the mammogram. Where the density of the breast is increased, mammography may not detect all lumps.

Ovarian cancer is rare - much rarer than breast cancer. The use of oestrogen-only or combined oestrogen-progestagen HRT has been associated with a slightly increased risk of ovarian cancer.

The risk of ovarian cancer varies with age. For example, in women aged 50 to 54 who are not taking HRT, about 2 women in 2 000 will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer over a 5-year period. For women who have been taking HRT for 5 years, there will be about 3 cases per 2 000 users (i.e. about 1 extra case).

Blood clots in a vein (venous thromboembolism)

The risk of blood clots in the veins is about 1.3 to 3 times higher in HRT users than in non-users, especially during the first year of taking it.

Blood clots can be serious, and if one travels to the lungs, it can cause chest pain, breathlessness, fainting or even death.

You are more likely to get a blood clot in your veins as you get older and if any of the following applies to you. Inform your doctor if any of these situations applies to you:

• you are unable to walk for a long time because of major surgery, injury or illness (see also section 3, ‘If you need to have surgery’)
• you are seriously overweight (BMI > 30 kg/m²)
• you have any blood clotting problem that needs long-term treatment with a medicine used to prevent blood clots
• if any of your close relatives has ever had a blood clot in the leg, lung or another organ
• you have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
• you have cancer.

For signs of a blood clot, see Stop taking Kliofem^® and see a doctor immediately.

Compare

Looking at women in their 50s who are not taking HRT, on average, over a 5-year period, 4 to 7 in 1 000 would be expected to get a blood clot in a vein.

For women in their 50s who have been taking oestrogen-progestagen HRT for over 5 years, there will be 9 to 12 cases in 1 000 users (i.e. an extra 5 cases).

There is no evidence that HRT will prevent a heart attack. Women over the age of 60 years who use oestrogen-progestagen HRT are slightly more likely to develop heart disease than those not taking any HRT.

The risk of getting stroke is about 1.5 times higher in HRT users than in non-users. The number of extra cases of stroke due to use of HRT will increase with age.

Compare

Looking at women in their 50s who are not taking HRT, on average, 8 in 1 000 would be expected to have a stroke over a 5-year period. For women in their 50s who are taking HRT, there will be 11 cases in 1 000 users over 5 years (i.e. an extra 3 cases).

HRT will not prevent memory loss. There is some evidence of a higher risk of memory loss in women who start using HRT after the age of 65. Speak to your doctor for advice.

Some medicines may interfere with the effect of Kliofem^®. This might lead to irregular bleeding. This applies to the following medicines:

• Medicines for epilepsy (such as phenobarbital, phenytoin and carbamazepine)
• Medicines for tuberculosis (such as rifampicin and rifabutin)
• Medicines for HIV infection (such as nevirapine, efavirenz, ritonavir and nelfinavir)
• Medicines for hepatitis C infections (such as telaprevir)
• Herbal remedies containing St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum).

HRT can affect the way some other medicines work:

• A medicine for epilepsy (lamotrigine), as this could increase frequency of seizures
• Medicines for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) (such as combination regimen ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir with or without dasabuvir as well as a regimen with glecaprevir/pibrentasvir) may cause increases in liver function blood test results (increase in ALT liver enzyme) in women using Combined Hormonal Contraceptives (CHCs) containing ethinylestradiol. Kliofem^® contains estradiol instead of ethinylestradiol. It is not known whether an increase in ALT liver enzyme can occur when using Kliofem^® with this HCV combination regimen.

Other medicines may increase the effects of Kliofem^®:

• Medicines containing ketoconazole (a fungicide).

Kliofem^® may have an impact on a concomitant treatment with cyclosporine.

Please tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines, including medicines obtained without a prescription, herbal medicines or other natural products.Your doctor will advise you.

If you need a blood test, tell your doctor or the laboratory staff that you are taking Kliofem^®, because this medicine can affect the results of some tests.

The tablets can be taken with or without food and drink.

Pregnancy: Kliofem^® is for use in postmenopausal women only. If you become pregnant, stop taking Kliofem^® and contact your doctor.

Breast-feeding: You should not take Kliofem^® if you are breast-feeding.

Kliofem^® has no known effect on the ability to drive or use machines.

Kliofem^® contains lactose monohydrate. If you have an intolerance to some sugars, contact your doctor before taking Kliofem^®.

If you have taken more Kliofem^® than you should, talk to a doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible. Taking more oestrogens than prescribed by your doctor may cause breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting and/or irregular vaginal bleeding (metrorrhagia). Taking more progestagens than prescribed by your doctor may lead to depressive mood, fatigue, acne and growth of body or facial hair (hirsutism).

If you forget to take your tablet at the usual time, take it within the next 12 hours. If more than 12 hours have gone by, start again as normal the next day. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten tablet. Forgetting a dose may increase the likelihood of breakthrough bleeding and spotting if you still have your womb.

If you would like to stop taking Kliofem^®, talk to your doctor first. Your doctor will explain the effects of stopping treatment and discuss other possibilities with you.

If you are going to have surgery, tell the surgeon that you are taking Kliofem^®. You may need to stop taking Kliofem^® about 4 to 6 weeks before the operation to reduce the risk of a blood clot (see section 2, Blood clots in a vein (venous thromboembolism)’). Ask your doctor when you can start taking Kliofem^® again.

The following side effects have been reported with other HRTs:

• Various skin disorders:
  • discolouration of the skin, especially of the face or neck, known as ‘pregnancy patches’ (chloasma)
  • painful reddish skin nodules (erythema nodosum)
  • rash with target-shaped reddening or sores (erythema multiforme)
  • red or purple discolourations of the skin and/or mucous membranes (vascular purpura)
• Dry eyes
• Tear film composition changes.

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or pharmacist. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme Website: https://yellowcard.mhra.gov.uk/ or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

• The active substances are estradiol 2 mg (as estradiol hemihydrate) and norethisterone acetate 1 mg.
• The other ingredients are: lactose monohydrate, maize starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, talc and magnesium stearate.
• The film-coating contains: hypromellose, triacetin and talc.

The film-coated tablets are white, round with a diameter of 6 mm. The tablets are engraved NOVO 281.

Pack sizes :

• 1x28 film-coated tablets
• 3x28 film-coated tablets

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.