• Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.
• If you have any further questions, ask your doctor, pharmacist or nurse.
• If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4.

1. What Midazolam is and what it is used for
2. What you need to know before you are given Midazolam
3. How to use Midazolam
4. Possible side effects
5. How to store Midazolam
6. Contents of the pack and other information

• if you are allergic to midazolam or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6).
• if you are allergic to other benzodiazepine medicines, such as diazepam or nitrazepam.
• if you have severe breathing problems.

You must not be given Midazolam if any of the above apply to you. If you are not sure, talk to your doctor before you are given this medicine.

Administration of midazolam may depress myocardial contractility (ability of heart muscle to contract) and cause apnoea (pauses in breathing). Severe cardio respiratory adverse events have occurred on rare occasions. These have included respiratory depression, apnoea, respiratory and/or cardiac arrest. To avoid such incidents, the injection should be given slowly and the dose should be as low as possible.

Paradoxical reactions and anterograde amnesia (loss of memory for recent events) have been reported to occur with midazolam (see section 4. Possible side effects).

Talk to your doctor before you are given Midazolam, if

• you are over 60 years of age
• you have a long term illness (such as breathing problems or kidney, liver or heart problems)
• you are debilitated (have an illness that makes you feel very weak, run down and short of energy)
• you have a condition called ‘sleep apnoea syndrome’ (where your breathing stops when you are asleep), so you may be closely monitored
• you have myasthenia gravis (a neuromuscular disease causing muscle weakness)
• you regularly drink large amounts of alcohol or you have had problems with alcohol use in the past. Alcohol can increase the effects of Midazolam, possibly leading to severe sedation that could result in coma or death
• you regularly take recreational drugs or you have had problems with drug use in the past.

If any of the above apply to you, or if you are not sure, talk to your doctor or nurse before you are given Midazolam.

Tell your doctor, pharmacist or nurse if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines, including medicines obtained without a prescription and herbal medicines.

This is extremely important, as using more than one medicine at the same time can strengthen or weaken the effect of the medicines involved.

In particular, tell your doctor or nurse if you are taking any of the following medicines:

• tranquilisers (for anxiety or to help you sleep)
• hypnotics (medicines to make you sleep)
• sedatives (to make you feel calm or sleepy)
• antidepressants (medicines for depression)
• narcotic analgesics (very strong pain killers)
• antihistamines (used to treat allergies)
• medicines to treat fungal infections (ketoconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole)
• macrolide antibiotics (such as erythromycin or clarithromycin)
• diltiazem (used to treat high blood pressure)
• medicines for HIV called protease inhibitors (such as saquinavir)
• medicines for hepatitis C (protease inhibitors such as boceprevir and telaprevir)
• atorvastatin (used to treat high cholesterol)
• rifampicin (used to treat mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis)
• ticagrelor (used to prevent heart attack)
• the herbal medicine St John’s Wort.

If any of the above apply to you, or if you are not sure, talk to your doctor or nurse before you are given Midazolam.

If you are going to have an anaesthetic for an operation or for dental treatment (including inhaled anaesthetics that you breathe in), it is important to tell your doctor or dentist that you have been given Midazolam.

Do not drink alcohol if you have been given Midazolam. This is because alcohol can increase the sedative effect of Midazolam and may cause problems with your breathing.

If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor for advice before you are given this medicine. Your doctor will decide if this medicine is suitable for you.

Midazolam may harm your unborn baby when used in early pregnancy. When high doses are administered during late pregnancy, labour or caesarean section, you might have an inhalation risk and your baby might have an irregular heartbeat, state of low muscle tone (hypotonia), feeding difficulties, a low body temperature and difficulty in breathing. With prolonged administration during late pregnancy, your baby may develop a physical dependence and risk of withdrawal symptoms after birth.

Do not breast-feed for 24 hours after being given Midazolam. This is because Midazolam may pass into your breast milk.

• Midazolam may make you sleepy, forgetful or affect your concentration and co-ordination. This may affect your performance at skilled tasks such as driving or using machines.
• Do not drive or use machinery until you are completely recovered. Your doctor should advise you when you can start these again.
• Do not drive while taking this medicine until you know how it affects you.
• It is an offence to drive if this medicine affects your ability to drive.
  • However, you would not be committing an offence if:
    • The medicine has been prescribed to treat a medical or dental problem and
    • You have taken it according to the instructions given by the prescriber or in the information provided with the medicine and
    • It was not affecting your ability to drive safely.

Talk to your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure whether it is safe for you to drive while taking this medicine.

• Lack of sleep or alcohol consumption may further impair your alertness.
• You should always be taken home by a responsible adult after your treatment.

This medicinal product contains 157.36 mg sodium (main component of cooking/table salt) in each pre-filled syringe. This is equivalent to 7.9% of the maximum daily dietary intake of sodium for an adult.

Your doctor will decide on a suitable dose for you. The dose you are given will depend on why you are being treated and the type of sedation needed. Your weight, age, your state of health, how you respond to Midazolam and whether other medicines are needed at the same time will also influence the dose that you are given.

If you need strong painkillers, you will be given these first and then be given Midazolam. The dose will be adjusted specially for you.

Midazolam is not recommended for use in children due to the total amount of midazolam contained in the pre-filled syringes.

Midazolam may be given to you in one of two different ways:

• by slow injection into a vein (intravenous injection)
• through a tube into one of your veins (intravenous infusion).

You should always be taken home by a responsible adult after your treatment.

Your medicine will be given to you by a doctor or nurse. If you are accidentally given too much Midazolam you may:

• feel drowsy
• lose your co-ordination (ataxia) and reflexes
• have problems with your speech (dysarthria)
• have involuntary eye movements (nystagmus)
• develop low blood pressure (hypotension)
• stop breathing (apnoea) and suffer cardiorespiratory depression (slowed or stopped breathing and heart beat) and coma.

If you receive long term treatment with Midazolam (are given the medicine for a long time) you may:

• become tolerant to midazolam. The medicine becomes less effective and does not work as well for you
• become dependent upon this medicine and get withdrawal symptoms (see below).

The following effects have been seen with midazolam use, particularly in the elderly; restlessness, agitation, irritability, involuntary movements, hyperactivity, hostility, delusion, anger, aggressiveness, anxiety, nightmares, hallucinations (seeing and possibly hearing things that are not really there), psychoses (losing contact with reality), inappropriate behaviour, excitement and assault (these are also known as paradoxical reactions, which are outcomes that are opposite to the effects normally expected for the drug). If you experience these, your doctor will consider stopping Midazolam treatment.

Your doctor will reduce your dose gradually to avoid these effects happening to you.

Withdrawal symptoms:

Benzodiazepine medicines, like Midazolam, may make you dependent if used for a long time (for instance in intensive care). This means that if you stop treatment suddenly, or lower the dose too quickly, you may get withdrawal symptoms. The symptoms can include:

• headache
• diarrhoea
• muscle pain
• feeling very worried (anxious), tense, restless, confused or bad-tempered (irritable)
• problems with sleeping
• mood changes
• hallucinations (seeing and possibly hearing things that are not there)
• fits (convulsions).

In severe cases of withdrawal, the following can occur: a feeling of losing contact with reality, numbness and tingling of the extremities (e.g. hands and feet), feeling sensitive to light, noise and touch.

• anaphylactic shock (a life-threatening allergic reaction). Signs may include a sudden rash, itching or lumpy rash (hives) and swelling of the face, lips, tongue or other parts of the body. You may also have shortness of breath, wheezing or trouble breathing, or a pale skin, a weak and rapid pulse, or feeling of loss of consciousness. Additionally, you may experience chest pain, which can be a sign of a potentially serious allergic reaction called Kounis syndrome.
• heart attack (cardiac arrest). Signs may include chest pain which may spread to your neck and shoulders and down your left arm
• breathing problems or complications (sometimes causing the breathing to stop)
• choking and sudden blockage of the airway (laryngospasm).

Life-threatening side effects are more likely to occur in adults over 60 years of age and those who already have breathing difficulties or heart problems, particularly if the injection is given too fast or at a high dose.

Not known (cannot be estimated from the available data)

Immune system problems:

• general allergic reactions (skin reactions, heart and blood system reactions, wheezing)

Effects on behaviour:

• restlessness, agitation, irritability
• nervousness, anxiety
• hostility, rage or aggression
• excitement
• hyperactivity
• changes in libido
• inappropriate behaviour.

Muscle problems:

• muscle spasms and muscle tremors (shaking of your muscles that you cannot control).

Mental and nervous system problems:

• confusion, disorientation
• emotional and mood disturbances
• involuntary movements
• nightmares, abnormal dreams
• hallucinations (seeing and possibly hearing things that are not really there)
• psychoses (losing contact with reality)
• drowsiness and prolonged sedation
• reduced alertness
• headache
• dizziness
• difficulty co-ordinating muscles
• temporary memory loss. How long this lasts depends on how much Midazolam you were given. You may experience this after your treatment. In isolated cases this has been prolonged (lasted for a long time)
• drug dependence, abuse.

Heart and circulation problems:

• low blood pressure
• slow heart rate
• redness of the face and neck (flushing), fainting or headache.

Breathing problems:

• shortness of breath
• hiccup.

Stomach, gut and mouth problems:

• feeling sick or being sick
• constipation
• dry mouth.

Skin problems:

• rash
• hives (lumpy rash)
• itchiness.

Injection site problems:

• redness
• swelling of the skin
• blood clots or pain at the injection site.

Injury:

• patients taking benzodiazepine medicines are at risk of falling and breaking bones. This risk is increased in the elderly and those taking other sedatives (including alcohol).

General:

• tiredness (fatigue).

Elderly patients:

• life-threatening side effects are more likely to occur in adults over 60 years of age and those who already have breathing difficulties or heart problems, particularly when the injection is given too quickly or at a high dose.

Patients with severe kidney disease:

• patients with severe kidney disease are more likely to experience side effects.

If any of the side effects become serious or troublesome, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor or nurse.

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme at www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App store. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

• The active substance is midazolam.

Midazolam 1 mg/ml:

Each ml of the solution for injection/infusion contains 1 mg midazolam.

Each pre-filled syringe of 50 ml contains 50 mg midazolam.

Midazolam 2 mg/ml:

Each ml of the solution for injection/infusion contains 2 mg midazolam.

Each pre-filled syringe of 50 ml contains 100 mg midazolam.

• The other ingredients are sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid 0.5% (for pH adjustment), sodium hydroxide (for pH adjustment), water for injection.

Midazolam is a clear, colourless to viscous solution for injection/infusion.

Midazolam is available in a pack containing one blister with one pre-filled syringe containing 50 ml solution for injection/infusion.

This medicinal product is authorised in the Member States of the EEA under the following names

Germany Midazolam SUN

France Midazolam SUN

Italy Midazolam SUN

Poland Midazolam SUN

Romania Midazolam SUN

Spain Midazolam SUN

United Kingdom Midazolam