• Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again.
• If you have any further questions, ask your doctor, pharmacist or nurse.
• If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. See section 4.

1. What Carmustine is and what it is used for
2. What you need to know before you use Carmustine
3. How to use Carmustine
4. Possible side effects
5. How to store Carmustine
6. Contents of the pack and other information

• if you are allergic to carmustine, other nitrosourea medicines or any of the other ingredients of this medicine (listed in section 6).

Carmustine should not be used in patients who have reduced number of blood platelets (thrombocytes), white blood cells (leucocytes) or red blood cells (erythrocytes), either as a result of chemotherapy or from other causes.

• if you suffer from higher-grade kidney dysfunction.
• in children and adolescents.
• if you are pregnant or if you are breast-feeding.

Talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse before using Carmustine.

Since the major side effect of this medicine is delayed bone marrow suppression, your doctor will monitor blood counts weekly for at least 6 weeks after a dose. At the recommended dosage, courses of Carmustine would not be given more frequently than every 6 weeks. The dosage will be confirmed with the blood count.

Before treatment, your liver and kidney function will be tested and observed regularly during the treatment.

Since the use of Carmustine can lead to lung damage, an X-ray of the chest region and the lung function tests will be conducted (Please also see the section “Possible side effects”).

High–dose treatment with carmustine (up to 600 mg/m²) is only performed in combination with subsequent stem cell transplantation. Such a higher dose can increase frequency or severity of lung, kidney, liver, heart, and gastrointestinal toxicities as well as infections and disturbances in the electrolyte balance (low blood levels of potassium, magnesium, phosphate).

Abdominal pain (neutropenic enterocolitis) may occur as a therapy-related adverse event during therapy with chemotherapeutic agents.

Patients who suffer from multiple conditions simultaneously and have poorer disease status are at higher risk for adverse events. This is especially important for elderly patients.

Your doctor will talk to you about the possibility of lung damage and allergic reactions and their symptoms. If such symptoms occur, you should contact your doctor immediately (see section 4).

Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking, have recently taken or might take any other medicines, including medicines obtained without prescription, such as:

• Phenytoin, used in epilepsy
• Cimetidine, used for stomach problems like indigestion
• Digoxin, used if you have abnormal heart rhythm
• Melphalan, an anticancer drug

If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, think you may be pregnant or are planning to have a baby, ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking this medicine.

Pregnancy and fertility

Carmustine should not be used during pregnancy because it may harm your unborn baby. Therefore this medicine should not normally be administered to pregnant women. If used during pregnancy, the patient must be aware of the potential risk to the unborn baby. Women of childbearing potential are advised to avoid becoming pregnant whilst being treated with this medicine.

Male patients should use adequate contraceptives measures during treatment with Carmustine for at least 6 months to prevent their partners becoming pregnant.

Breast-feeding

You should not breast-feed while taking this medicine.

The effect of this medicine on your ability to drive and use machines is not known. You must check with your doctor before driving or operating any tools or machines because the amount of alcohol in this medicine may impair your ability to drive or use machines.

This medicinal product contains 0.57 vol% ethanol (alcohol), which means 7.68 g per dose. This corresponds to 11.32 ml of beer or 4.72 ml wine, per dose. This may be harmful for those suffering from alcoholism, liver disease or epilepsy (fits).

Dosage is based on your medical condition, body size and response to treatment. It is usually given at least every 6 weeks.The recommended dose of Carmustine as a single agent in previously untreated patients is 150 to 200 mg/m² intravenously every 6 weeks. This may be given as a single dose or divided into two daily injections such as 75 to 100 mg/m² on two successive days. Dosage will also depend on whether Carmustine is given with other anti-cancer drugs.

Doses will be adjusted according to how you respond to the treatment.

The recommended dose of carmustine given in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents before haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation is 300 – 600 mg/m² intravenously.

Your blood count will be monitored frequently to avoid toxicity in your bone marrow and the dose adjusted if necessary.

Carmustine is given into a vein by a drip over a one to two hour period. The time of infusion should not be less than one hour to avoid burning and pain at the injected area. The injected area will be monitored during the administration.

The duration of the treatment is determined by the doctor and may vary for each patient.

Carmustine can be used with caution in elderly patients. The kidney function will be carefully monitored.

In elderly patients, the occurrence of inflammation of mucous membranes of mouth (oral mucositis) is higher when high dose of carmustine is given.

As a doctor or nurse will be giving you this medicine, it is unlikely that you will receive an incorrect dose. Tell your doctor or nurse if you have any concerns about the amount of medicine that you receive.

Any sudden wheeziness, difficulty in breathing, swelling of the eyelids, face or lips, rash or itching (especially affecting your whole body), and feeling you are going to faint. These may be signs of severe allergic reaction.

Very common (may affect more than 1 in 10 people)

• Delayed myelosuppression (decrease in blood cells in bone marrow);
• Ataxia (lack of voluntary co-ordination of muscle movements);
• Dizziness;
• Headache;
• Transient redness in the eye, blurred vision, retinal bleeding;
• Hypotension (fall in blood pressure) in high-dose therapy;
• Phlebitis (inflammation of the veins);
• Respiratory disorders (lung related disorders) with breathing problems;
• Severe nausea and vomiting; beginning within 2-4 hours of administration and lasting for 4-6 hours;
• When used on the skin, inflammation of the skin (dermatitis);
• Accidental contact with skin may cause transient hyperpigmentation (darkening of an area of skin or nails).

Common (may affect up to 1 in 10 people)

• Acute leukaemias and bone marrow dysplasias (abnormal development of the bone marrow) following long term use; The following symptoms may occur: bleeding gums, bone pain, fever, frequent infections, frequent or severe nosebleeds, lumps due to swollen lymph nodes in and around the neck, forearm, abdomen, or groin, pale skin, shortness of breath, weakness, fatigue, or general lack of energy;
• Anaemia (decrease in the amount of red blood cells in the blood);
• Encephalopathy (disorder of brain) in high-dose therapy;
• Loss of appetite (anorexia);
• Constipation;
• Diarrhoea;
• Inflammation of the mouth and lips;
• Reversible liver toxicity in high-dose therapy, delayed up to 60 days after administration. This can result in increased liver enzymes and bilirubin (detected by blood tests);
• Alopecia (loss of hair);
• Flushing of the skin;
• Reactions on the injection site.

Rare (may affect up to 1 in 1,000 people)

• Veno-occlusive disease (progressive blockage of the veins) in high-dose therapy; in which very small veins in the liver become blocked. The following symptoms are possible: fluid accumulation in the abdomen, enlargement of the spleen, severe bleeding of the oesophagus, yellowing of skin and the white skin of the eyes;
• Breathing problems due to a type of lung disease in which tissue is scarred (interstitial fibrosis) (with lower doses);
• Kidney problems;
• Gynaecomastia (breast growth in males);
• Inflammation of the optic nerve and adjacent retina in the eye;
• Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.

Very rare (may affect up to 1 in 10,000 people)

• Inflammation of the vein wall with associated thrombosis (thrombophlebitis).

Not known (frequency cannot be estimated from the available data)

• Allergic reactions;
• Muscular pain;
• Secondary tumours (cancers caused by radiation or chemotherapy);
• Seizures (fits) including status epilepticus;
• Tissue damage due to leakage in injection area;
• Infertility;
• Impairment of embryo/foetus development in pregnant women;
• Any signs of infection;
• Fast heartbeat, chest pain;
• Disturbances in electrolyte balance (low blood levels of potassium, magnesium, phosphate);
• Abdominal pain (neutropenic enterocolitis).

If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor, pharmacist or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this leaflet. You can also report side effects directly via the Yellow Card Scheme at: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store. By reporting side effects you can help provide more information on the safety of this medicine.

The active substance is carmustine.

A 30 ml vial contains 100 mg carmustine and a 5 ml vial contains 3 ml sterile diluent (dehydrated alcohol).

Powder and solvent for solution for infusion.

Yellowish powder for reconstitution.

Appearance of solution: colourless to light yellow

Powder: Type I amber glass vial (30 ml) sealed with a dark grey bromobutyl lyo rubber stopper and aluminium seal having polypropylene cap.

Diluent: Type I glass vial (5 ml) sealed with a grey bromobutyl rubber stopper with an aluminium seal having polypropylene cap.

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