Treatment of acute angina pectoris.

Prevention of inducible angina (e.g. physical effort, emotional stress, exposure to cold).

Posology

Oromucosal Dosage

Adults including the elderly

At the onset of an attack, one or two metered sprays (400 to 800 micrograms glyceryl trinitrate) to be sprayed under the tongue for the relief of anginal pain while breath is held. If symptoms do not resolve, this may be repeated at five-minute intervals for a total of three sprays (maximum of 1.2 mg taken within 15 minutes). If symptoms have not resolved after a total of three sprays, immediate medical attention should be sought.

For the prevention of inducible angina (e.g. due to physical effort, emotional stress, exposure to cold), one or two metered sprays (400 to 800 micrograms glyceryl trinitrate) to be sprayed under the tongue 2 to 3 minutes prior to activity likely to cause angina.

Paediatric population

Glytrin should not be used in children and adolescents under 18 years.

Method of administration

Before using Glytrin for the first time, the patient should check that the spray is working by pressing the pump button a few times until it produces a fine mist of liquid. The patient should practice aiming the spray onto a tissue or similar item so that they will be able to aim it correctly under the tongue when they need to use it. If the patient does not need to use Glytrin very often, the spray should be checked regularly to see that it still works properly.

During application the patient should rest, ideally in the sitting position. The canister should be held vertically with the valve head uppermost and the spray orifice as close to the mouth as possible. The dose should be sprayed under the tongue and the mouth should be closed immediately after each dose. The spray should not be inhaled. Patients should be instructed to familiarise themselves with the position of the spray orifice, which can be identified by the finger rest on top of the valve, in order to facilitate orientation, for administration at night.

• Hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1

• Severe hypotension (systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mm Hg)

• Hypotensive shock

• Severe anaemia

• Constrictive pericarditis

• Extreme bradycardia

• Cerebral haemorrhage and brain trauma

• Aortic and/or mitral stenosis

• Angina caused by hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

• Circulatory collapse

• Cardiogenic shock, unless a sufficiently high left ventricular end diastolic pressure is assured by intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation therapy or positive inotropic drugs

• Toxic pulmonary oedema

• Concomitant use with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil

• Concomitant use with the soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat (see section 4.5).

Caution should be exercised in patients with arterial hypoxaemia due to severe anaemia (including G6PD deficiency induced forms).

Tolerance to this drug and cross-tolerance to other nitrates may occur.

Glytrin should be administered with particular caution in:

• Pericardial tamponade

• Low filling pressures (e.g. acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular failure)

• Tendency to dysregulation of orthostatic blood pressure

• Diseases accompanied by an increase in intracranial pressure (so far further pressure has been observed solely in high doses of glyceryl trinitrate).

Alcohol should be avoided because of the hypotensive effect and medical controls of the intraocular pressure of glaucoma patients are advisable.

Particular caution should also be exercised when using Glytrin in patients with volume depletion from diuretic therapy, severe hepatic or renal impairment and hypothyroidism.

This medicine contains 7.5 mg of alcohol (ethanol) in each spray. The amount in one spray of this medicine is equivalent to less than 1 ml beer or 1 ml wine. The small amount of alcohol in this medicine will not have any noticeable effects.

• Alcohol may potentiate the hypotensive effect.

• Vasodilators, antihypertensives, β -blockers, calcium antagonists, neuroleptics, tricyclic antidepressants and diuretics can increase nitrate-induced hypotension.

• The hypotensive effects of nitrates are potentiated by the concurrent administration of phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as sildenafil, tadalafil, or vardenafil.

• The use of a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator such as riociguat is contraindicated (see section 4.3) since concomitant use can cause hypotension.

• The bioavailability of dihydroergotamine may be increased by concomitant use of Glytrin, which can result in vasoconstriction since dihydroergotamine can antagonise the effects of glyceryl trinitrate.

• The concomitant administration of Glytrin and heparin can reduce the antithrombotic effect of heparin. Regular monitoring of coagulation parameters and adjustment of the heparin dose may be necessary.

• In patients pre-treated with organic nitrates a higher dose of glyceryl trinitrate may be necessary to achieve the desired haemodynamic effect.

Pregnancy

The safety of glyceryl trinitrate in human pregnancy, especially during the first trimester has not been established.

Breastfeeding

It is not known whether glyceryl trinitrate is excreted into human breast milk. Glytrin should be used only after weighing the benefit for the mother against possible risks for the child. Nursing should be discontinued during treatment with this product.

Fertility

Preclinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of toxicity to reproduction (see section 5.3).

The ability to react may be diminished because of the side effects or interactions due to the nitrates. This effect is potentiated by alcohol consumption. Therefore, driving and/or using machines should be avoided during treatment with Glytrin.

The following adverse reactions have been reported:

* symptoms which are known in conjunction with hypersensitivity reactions

Use of Glytrin may give rise to transient hypoxaemia and, in patients with coronary heart disease, ischaemia as a result of a relative redistribution of the bloodstream, which is to hypoventilated alveolar areas.

Tolerance development and the occurrence of crossed tolerance of other nitro compounds have been found in chronic, continuous treatment using high doses. To avoid a decrease in efficacy or a loss of efficacy, high continuous doses should be avoided.

Reporting of suspected adverse reactions

Reporting suspected adverse reactions after authorisation of the medicinal product is important. It allows continued monitoring of the benefit/risk balance of the medicinal product.

Healthcare professionals are asked to report any suspected adverse reactions via the Yellow Card Scheme Website: www.mhra.gov.uk/yellowcard or search for MHRA Yellow Card in the Google Play or Apple App Store.

Signs and symptoms

Flushing, severe headache, vertigo, tachycardia, a feeling of suffocation, hypotension, fainting and rarely cyanosis and methaemoglobinaemia may occur. In a few patients, there may be a reaction comparable to shock with nausea, vomiting, weakness, sweating and syncope.

Treatment

Recovery often occurs without special treatment. Hypotension may be corrected by elevation of the legs to promote venous return. If methaemoglobinaemia is suspected, it should be confirmed, assessed and treated in accordance with local guidance and best practice. Treatment includes supplemental oxygen and intravenous methylthioninium chloride, as indicated. Symptomatic treatment should be given for respiratory and circulatory defects in more serious cases.

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Vasodilators used in cardiac diseases, organic nitrates.

ATC-Code: C01DA02

Glyceryl trinitrate acts on vascular smooth muscles to produce arterial and venous vasodilation. The vasodilation results in a reduction of venous return and an improvement in myocardial perfusion with the result of a reduction in the work performed by the heart and hence reduced oxygen demand.

Glyceryl trinitrate is rapidly absorbed through the buccal and sublingual mucosa, and in man peak concentrations in plasma are observed within four minutes of sublingual administration.

The absolute bioavailability after sublingual administration is approximately 39%. After sublingual administration the plasma levels have shown a wide range of intra and inter-individual variability.

The compound is extensively metabolised by liver enzymes and has a plasma half-life of 1-3 minutes. The principle mechanism of metabolism involves denitration.

Preclinical data reveal no special hazard for humans based on conventional studies of safety pharmacology, repeated dose toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenic potential, or toxicity to reproduction.

Peppermint oil

Propellant HFC 134A (1,1,1.2 Tetrafluoroethane)

Ethanol

Not applicable

3 years

Do not store above 25° C. Do not refrigerate or freeze.

Glytrin is an aerosol spray and contains a pressurised liquid. Do not expose to temperatures higher than 50° C, and do not pierce the aluminium container (canister), even when empty.

It should not be sprayed at a naked flame or any incandescent material.

Patients, especially those who smoke should be warned not to use Glytrin near a naked flame.

Internally lacquered monobloc aluminium pressurised container (canister), sealed with a metered spray valve. The product is presented in packs with one container.

Each container contains 1760.0 mg of solution (according to 11400.0 mg of solution and propellant) providing 200 single metered doses.

Any unused medicinal product or waste material should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.